1. Introduction -- 2. Silicon-based frequency references -- 3. Frequency references based on the thermal properties of silicon -- 4. A digitally-assisted electrothermal frequency-locked loop in standard CMOS -- 5. An electrothermal frequency reference in standard 0.7 um CMOS -- 6. A scaled electrothermal frequency reference in standard 0.16 um CMOS -- 7. Conclusions and outlook
Summary
Surveys the state-of-the-art in all-silicon frequency references and describes an alternative method of accurate on-chip frequency generation in standard CMOS IC processes that exploits the thermal-diffusivity of silicon, the rate at which heat diffuses through a silicon substrate
