| Description |
1 online resource (896 pages) |
| Contents |
Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Contents; List of Contributors; Foreword 1; Foreword 2; Foreword 3; Preface; Chapter 1 Methods for Extraction of Nanocellulose from Various Sources; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Hierarchical Structure of Natural Fibers; 1.3 Cellulose Fibers: Structure and Chemistry; 1.4 Main Cellulose Sources; 1.4.1 Plants; 1.4.2 Tunicates; 1.4.3 Algae; 1.4.4 Bacteria; 1.5 Classification of Nanocellulose Structures; 1.5.1 Microcrystalline Cellulose; 1.5.2 Cellulose Microfibrils; 1.5.3 Cellulose Nanofibrils; 1.5.4 Cellulose Nanocrystals; 1.5.5 Amorphous Nanocellulose |
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1.5.6 Cellulose Nanoyarn1.6 Preparation Techniques of Various Types of Nanocellulose; 1.6.1 Preparation of CNF/CMF; 1.6.1.1 High-Pressure Homogenization; 1.6.1.2 Microfluidization; 1.6.1.3 Grinding; 1.6.1.4 Cryocrushing; 1.6.1.5 High-Intensity Ultrasonication; 1.6.2 CNC Preparation; 1.6.2.1 Acid Hydrolysis; 1.6.2.2 Hydrolysis with Solid Acids; 1.6.2.3 Hydrolysis with Gaseous Acids; 1.6.2.4 Hydrolysis with Metal Salt Catalyst; 1.6.2.5 Other Preparation Techniques; 1.6.3 Preparation of Nanoparticles of Amorphous Cellulose; 1.6.4 Preparation of Cellulose Nanoyarn; 1.7 Pretreatment |
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1.7.1 Pulping Processes1.7.2 Bleaching; 1.7.3 Alkaline-Acid-Alkaline Pretreatment; 1.7.4 Enzymatic Pretreatment; 1.7.5 Ionic Liquids; 1.7.6 Oxidation; 1.7.7 Steam Explosion; 1.7.8 Other Pretreatments; 1.8 Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 2 Characterization of Various Kinds of Nanocellulose; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Methods of Investigations; 2.2.1 X-Ray Scattering; 2.2.1.1 Evaluation of the Allomorph Type by Determining Positions of the Main Diffraction Peaks; 2.2.1.2 Calculation of Interplanar Distances (d) in Crystalline Lattice by Means of Bragg's Equation |
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2.2.1.3 Calculation of Parameters of Crystalline Unit Cell2.2.1.4 Calculation of Lateral Sizes of Nanocrystallites; 2.2.1.5 Calculation of Crystallinity; 2.2.2 CP/MAS 13C NMR; 2.2.3 Electron Microscopy; 2.2.4 Atomic Force Microscopy; 2.2.5 Laser Light Scattering; 2.2.6 Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy; 2.2.7 Thermoanalytical Methods; 2.2.8 Physicomechanical Properties; 2.2.8.1 Physical Testing; 2.2.8.2 Mechanical Testing; 2.2.9 Physicochemical Methods; 2.2.9.1 Sorption; 2.2.9.2 Calorimetry; 2.2.9.3 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC); 2.2.9.4 Gas Chromatography (GC) |
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2.2.9.5 Viscometry Methods2.2.9.6 Zeta Potential; 2.2.10 Chemical and Biochemical Methods; 2.2.10.1 Chemical Methods; 2.2.10.2 Biochemical Methods; 2.3 Characterization of Various Kinds of Nanocellulose; 2.3.1 Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals; 2.3.2 Characterization of Fibrous Nanocellulose; 2.4 Concluding Remark; References; Chapter 3 Surface Modification of Nanocellulose; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Esterification of Nanocellulose; 3.2.1 Acetylation of Nanocellulose with Acetic Anhydride; 3.2.2 Esterification of Nanocellulose with Carboxylic Acid |
| Notes |
3.2.3 Gas-Phase Esterification of Nanocellulose |
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Print version record |
| Subject |
Ceramic materials -- Handbooks, manuals, etc
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Ceramic materials.
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| Genre/Form |
Handbooks and manuals.
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Ahmad, Ishak
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Thomas, Sabu
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| ISBN |
9783527689989 |
|
3527689982 |
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9783527689996 |
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3527689990 |
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9783527690046 |
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3527690042 |
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