At the 15 September 2011 AUSMIN talks in San Francisco, Australian and US officials took advantage of the 60th anniversary of the signing of the ANZUS Treaty to announce the alliance would now extend into cyberspace. It was the first time, outside of NATO, that two allies had formalised their joint cooperation in cyberspace. This is a critically important evolution of the ANZUS alliance. Two papers in this report deal with the Australian and US perceptions of the cyberthreat, written by Andrew Davies and James Lewis. Two others deal with legal and military responses. Jessica Herrera-Flanigan writes of the legal and normative issues both countries must pay attention to and promote in cyberspace. James Mulvenon articulates how Australia and the US can respond as allies
