Cover; Title; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; List of figures; List of tables; Acknowledgments; List of abbreviations; Introduction: black women and Madison Avenue; 1 Women and African-Americans in the advertising profession: an historical overview of the industry and people; 2 Barbara Gardner Proctor: unconventional advertising pioneer; 3 Caroline Robinson Jones: tenacious advertising trailblazer; 4 Joel P. Martin: transformative artist; 5 Carol H. Williams: marathon woman; 6 African-American women and structural oppression in the advertising industry; Epilogue: extraordinary women; Index