| Description |
1 online resource : illustrations |
| Contents |
3.4.1 The importance of the stirring on the extraction performance -- 3.4.2 Stir bar sorptive extraction -- 3.4.3 Other microextraction techniques that integrate the extraction and stirring elements -- 3.4.3.1 Stir membrane extraction -- 3.4.3.2 Rotating disk extraction -- 3.4.3.3 Stirring techniques based on monolith disks -- 3.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Unconfined liquid-phase microextraction -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Single-drop microextraction -- 4.2.1 Origins and fundamentals of the technique -- 4.2.2 Improving the efficiency of single-drop microextraction -- 4.2.3 Making single-drop microextraction compatible with low sample sizes -- 4.2.4 Automation of single-drop microextraction -- 4.3 Dispersive-based liquid-phase microextraction -- 4.3.1 Chemically dispersion of the solvent -- 4.3.2 Use of external energies for dispersing the solvent -- 4.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Analytical microextraction with supported liquid membranes -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Two-phase hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction -- 5.3 Three-phase hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction -- 5.4 96-Well liquid-phase microextraction -- 5.5 Solvent bar microextraction -- 5.6 Electromembrane extraction -- 5.7 Outlook -- References -- 6 Solid-liquid extraction techniques -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 General aspects on SLE -- 6.3 Classical SLE processes -- 6.4 Superheated solvent extraction -- 6.4.1 Static and dynamic SHSE -- 6.4.2 Main variables involved in SHSE -- 6.5 Ultrasound-assisted extraction -- 6.5.1 Ultrasonic devices and USAE modes -- 6.5.2 Variables involved in USAE -- 6.6 Microwaves-assisted extraction -- 6.6.1 MW devices and extraction systems -- 6.6.2 Variables affecting MAE processes -- 6.7 Comparison and applicability of SHSE, USAE, and MAE -- 6.8 Conclusions -- References |
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7 Microextraction-based samplers for liquid and tissue analysis -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Microextraction devices for convenient integration of sampling and extraction for liquid and tissues -- 7.3 Applications -- 7.3.1 Tissue analysis (plant and animal tissue) -- 7.3.2 Samplers for water quality assessment -- 7.3.3 Microextraction-based samplers for analysis of biofluids and food samples -- 7.4 Conclusion -- List of Abbreviations -- References -- 8 Direct coupling of microextraction with instrumental techniques -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Coupling of microextraction with spectroscopic techniques -- 8.2.1 UV-vis spectroscopy -- 8.2.2 Fluorescence spectroscopy -- 8.2.3 Infrared spectroscopy -- 8.2.4 Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy -- 8.3 Coupling of microextraction with mass spectrometry -- 8.3.1 Peak versus continuous ion injection: similarities and differences -- 8.3.2 Peak-based ion injection technologies -- 8.3.3 Continuous ion injection technologies -- 8.3.4 SPME-MS real-life implementation: it's a long way to the top (if you wanna rock 'N' roll) -- 8.4 Overview of interfaces based on flow analysis, microfluidics, and 3D printing -- 8.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 Membrane sorptive phases -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Polymeric membranes -- 9.2.1 Commercially available membranes -- 9.2.2 Reinforced polypropylene hollow fibers -- 9.2.3 Polystyrene membranes -- 9.2.4 Polymer inclusion membranes -- 9.2.5 Agarose gel membranes -- 9.2.6 Other materials -- 9.3 Fabric phases -- 9.4 Paper-based sorptive phases -- 9.4.1 Physical deposition of the coating -- 9.4.2 Covalent bonding of the coating -- 9.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Selectivity-enhanced sorbents -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Molecularly imprinted polymers -- 10.3 Restricted access materials -- 10.4 Selective biosorbents |
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10.4.1 Immunosorbents -- 10.4.2 Oligosorbents -- 10.4.3 Antibodies or aptamers? -- 10.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 Carbon nanoparticles -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Carbon-based nanomaterials in sample preparation -- 11.2.1 Carbon nanotubes -- 11.2.2 Graphene -- 11.2.3 Fullerenes -- 11.2.4 Carbon nanohorns -- 11.2.5 Nanodiamonds, carbon-based QDs, and nanofibers -- 11.3 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 Metal and metal oxide nanomaterials in sample preparation -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 MNs in sample preparation -- 12.3 MONs in sample preparation -- 12.3.1 ZrO2, TiO2, and HfO2 -- 12.3.2 SnO2 and CeO2 -- 12.3.3 Al2O3 -- 12.3.4 Iron oxide -- 12.3.5 MgO, NiO, and ZnO -- 12.3.6 Other metal oxides -- 12.4 Application of MONs in sample preparation -- 12.4.1 Bare MONs -- 12.4.2 Modified MONs with inorganic substances -- 12.4.3 Modified MONs with organic substances -- 12.4.4 Modified MONs with MOFs -- 12.5 Conclusions -- References -- 13 Reticular materials in sorbent-based extraction methods -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.1.1 Metal-organic frameworks -- 13.1.2 Covalent-organic frameworks -- 13.1.3 Composites containing reticular materials -- 13.2 Incorporation of reticular materials in analytical sample preparation methods -- 13.2.1 Solid-phase extraction -- 13.2.2 Miniaturized dispersive solid-phase extraction and its magnetic-assisted mode -- 13.2.2.1 Miniaturized dispersive solid-phase extraction -- 13.2.2.2 Miniaturized magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction -- 13.2.3 Solid-phase microextraction in different configurations -- 13.3 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgments -- List of abbreviations -- References -- 14 Polymeric nanocomposites -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Magnetic polymeric nanocomposites -- 14.3 Carbon-based nanocomposites -- 14.4 Metal-based polymeric nanocomposites -- 14.5 Conclusions |
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Acknowledgments -- List of abbreviations -- References -- 15 Monolithic solids: synthesis and uses in microextraction techniques -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Preparation of monolithic beds -- 15.2.1 Silica monoliths -- 15.2.2 Organic monoliths -- 15.2.3 Hybrid organic-silica monoliths -- 15.3 Applications of monolithic materials in microextraction techniques -- 15.3.1 Nonstirred microextraction formats -- 15.3.2 Stirred monolithic extraction units -- 15.3.2.1 Stir bars -- 15.3.2.2 Stir cakes -- 15.3.2.3 Stir disks -- 15.4 Conclusions and future perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- List of abbreviations -- References -- 16 Ionic liquids -- 16.1 Conventional ionic liquids -- 16.2 Magnetic ionic liquids -- 16.3 Polymeric ionic liquids -- 16.3.1 Polymeric ionic liquids as sorptive coatings in solid-phase microextraction -- 16.3.2 Polymeric ionic liquids as sorbents in other extraction techniques -- 16.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 17 Switchable solvents -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.1.1 Switchable hydrophilicity solvents -- 17.1.2 Switching process -- 17.2 Applications of switchable solvents in sample preparation -- 17.2.1 Switchable solvents for environmental samples analysis -- 17.2.1.1 Heavy metals -- 17.2.1.2 Organic pollutants -- 17.2.2 Switchable solvents for bioanalysis -- 17.2.3 Switchable solvents for food and agricultural samples analysis -- 17.2.3.1 Heavy metals -- 17.2.3.2 Organic pollutants -- 17.3 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 18 Deep eutectic solvents in microextraction -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Synthesis and physicochemical properties of DES -- 18.3 Classification and types of DES -- 18.4 Use of DES in microextraction -- 18.4.1 DES for the extraction of inorganic analytes -- 18.4.2 DES for the extraction of organic analytes -- 18.5 Factors affecting extraction efficiency with DES |
| Notes |
SECTION 1. Analytical sample preparation 1. Sample treatment basics and trends 2. Solid phase extraction, classic and miniaturized techniques 3. Solid phase microextraction 4. Liquid-liquid extraction, classic and unconfined liquid phase microextraction 5. Confined liquid phase microextraction 6. Solid-liquid extraction techniques 7. Sampling-extraction integration techniques 8. Direct coupling of microextraction with instrumental techniques. SECTION 2. High performance sorbents 9. Polymeric phases 10. Selectivity enhanced sorbents 11. Carbon nanoparticles 12. Inorganic nanoparticles 13. Reticular materials 14. Composites 15. Monoliths. SECTION 3. High performance solvents 16. Ionic liquids 17. Switchable solvents 18. Deep eutectic solvents 19. Supramolecular solvents |
| Subject |
Sample preparation (Chemistry)
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Sample preparation (Chemistry)
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Lucena, Rafael, editor
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Cárdenas Aranzana, M. Soledad, editor
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| ISBN |
9780128221723 |
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0128221720 |
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