| Description |
1 online resource |
| Contents |
Intro; Foreword; Contents; Contributors; 1: Brief History of the Scientific Method and Its Application in Oncology; 1.1 Ancient Science; 1.2 The Middle Ages and the Arabic Influence; 1.3 The Renaissance and the New Scientific Method; 1.3.1 The "Magic" World and Natural Philosophy; 1.4 The Industrial Revolution and the Birth of Clinical Cancer Research; 1.5 The Future; Further Reading; 2: Generating a Hypothesis for an Oncology Study; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Defining a Research Question; 2.2.1 P (Population); 2.2.2 I (Intervention); 2.2.3 C (Comparison Group) |
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2.2.4 O (Outcome of Interest)2.2.5 T (Time); 2.3 Developing a Strong Research Question for a Grant Application; 2.3.1 Significance; 2.3.2 Innovation; 2.3.3 Feasibility; 2.4 Risks Involved in Clinical Research; 2.5 Formulating a Research Hypothesis; 2.6 Types of Hypotheses; 2.6.1 Null Hypothesis; 2.6.2 Alternative Hypothesis; 2.6.3 Non-inferiority × Superiority × Equivalence Questions; 2.7 Summary; References; 3: Types of Variables and Distributions; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Variables; 3.2.1 Variables and Parameters; 3.2.2 Types of Variables |
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3.2.3 Independent vs. Dependent Variables3.3 Distributions of Variables; 3.4 Confounding Variables; References; 4: Testing Measures of Associations; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 How to Choose Your Test of Measure of Association; 4.2.1 Basic Concepts; 4.2.2 Comparing Groups of Continuous Variables; 4.2.2.1 Parametric Tests in Samples of Continuous Variables; 4.2.2.2 Nonparametric Tests in Samples of Continuous Variables; 4.2.3 Tests of Association for Categorical Variables; References; 5: Sample Size Calculation in Oncology Studies; 5.1 Introduction |
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5.2 Fundamental Steps for Sample Size Calculation in Comparative Studies5.2.1 Defining the Primary Endpoint; 5.2.2 Tests of Hypotheses; 5.2.3 Dropouts; 5.2.4 Study Designs and Types of Comparisons; 5.3 Sample Size Calculation in Oncology Clinical Trials; 5.3.1 Single-Arm Phase II Trials; 5.3.2 Multiple-Arm and Randomized Phase II Trials; 5.3.3 Sample Size Calculation for Randomized Phase III Trials; 5.3.4 Particularities of Sample Size Calculation for Randomized Phase III Trials; 5.3.4.1 Stratification; 5.3.4.2 Unequal Treatment Allocation; 5.3.4.3 Interim Analyses |
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5.4 Sample Size Calculation for Bayesian Adaptive Designs5.4.1 Fundamental Concepts for Sample Size Calculation in Non-comparative Studies in Oncology; 5.4.2 The Importance of Sample Size Calculation; References; 6: Interpretation of Results from Tables, Graphs, and Regressions in Cancer Research; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Tables; 6.3 Graphs; 6.3.1 Histograms; 6.3.2 Pie Charts; 6.3.3 Bar Graphs; 6.3.4 Box Plots; 6.3.5 Forest Plots; 6.4 Regressions; 6.4.1 Linear Regression; 6.4.2 Logistic Regression; 6.4.3 Cox Regression (Hazard-Proportional Model); 6.4.4 Univariate Analysis |
| Summary |
This book introduces and discusses the most important aspects of clinical research methods and biostatistics for oncologists, pursuing a tailor-made and practical approach. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has been in vogue in the last few decades, particularly in rapidly advancing fields such as oncology. This approach has been used to support decision-making processes worldwide, sparking new clinical research and guidelines on clinical and surgical oncology. Clinical oncology research has many peculiarities, including specific study endpoints, a special focus on survival analyses, and a unique perspective on EBM. However, during medical studies and in general practice, these topics are barely taught. Moreover, even when EBM and clinical cancer research are discussed, they are presented in a theoretical fashion, mostly focused on formulas and numbers, rather than on clinical application for a proper literature appraisal. Addressing that gap, this book discusse s more practical aspects of clinical research and biostatistics in oncology, instead of relying only on mathematical formulas and theoretical considerations. Methods and Biostatistics in Oncology will help readers develop the skills they need to understand the use of research on everyday oncology clinical practice for study design and interpretation, as well to demystify the use of EBM in oncology |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Notes |
Vendor-supplied metadata |
| Subject |
Cancer -- Research.
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Oncology.
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Biometry.
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Evidence-based medicine.
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Neoplasms
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Biomedical Research
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Biostatistics -- methods
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Clinical Trials as Topic
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Evidence-Based Medicine
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Medical Oncology
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Biometry
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biometrics.
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Life sciences: general issues.
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Oncology.
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HEALTH & FITNESS -- Diseases -- General.
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MEDICAL -- Clinical Medicine.
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MEDICAL -- Diseases.
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MEDICAL -- Evidence-Based Medicine.
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MEDICAL -- Internal Medicine.
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Evidence-based medicine
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Biometry
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Cancer -- Research
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Oncology
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Araújo, Raphael L. C., editor
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Riechelmann, Rachel P., editor
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| ISBN |
9783319713243 |
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3319713248 |
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9783319713250 |
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3319713256 |
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9783030100421 |
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3030100421 |
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