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Title Greenhouse gas balances of bioenergy systems / edited by Patricia Thornley, Paul Adams
Published London, United Kingdom : Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier, [2018]
©2018

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Description 1 online resource (ix, 275 pages) : illustrations
Contents Machine generated contents note: 1. Sustainable Greenhouse Gas Reductions From Bioenergy Systems -- Climate Change: A Bioenergy Driver and Constraint / Paul Gilbert -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Scale of the Global Challenge -- 1.3. Climate Policy Objectives -- 1.4. Role of the Energy Sector -- 1.5. Global Renewable Energy Targets -- 1.6. Renewable Energy Targets for Europe -- 1.7. Bioenergy -- 1.8. Delivering Greenhouse Gas Reductions From Bioenergy -- 1.9. Importance of Maintaining Carbon Stocks -- 1.10. Summary -- References -- Further Reading -- 2. How Policy Makers Learned to Start Worrying and Fell Out of Love With Bioenergy / Paul Adams -- 2.1. Bioenergy as a Strategic Technology Option -- 2.2. Policy Drive for Bioenergy -- 2.3. Market Uptake and the Bioenergy Backlash -- 2.4. Accounting for Carbon -- 2.5. Direct and Indirect Land-Use Change -- The Problem With Transport Biofuels -- 2.6. Dynamic Changes to Forest Carbon Stocks and the Problem of Carbon Debt -- 2.7. Meeting the Governance Challenge -- 2.8. Conclusions -- References -- Further Reading -- 3. Greenhouse Gas Balances of Bioenergy Systems: The Role of Life Cycle Assessment / Caroline M. Taylor -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. LCA Methodology -- 3.3. Historical Evolution, Utility, and Limitations of LCA -- 3.4. Changing Nature of LCA -- 3.5. Data and the Use of LCA Results as Generic Indicators -- 3.6. Current and Future Use of LCA -- 3.7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Further Reading -- 4. Scope of System for Analysis / Patricia Thornley -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Scope of Bioenergy Systems -- 4.3. Life Cycle Assessment: Goal and Scope Definition -- 4.4. Some Key System Parameters -- 4.5. Using This Book to Support Life Cycle Assessment Calculations -- 4.6. Summary -- References -- 5. Biogenic Carbon -- Capture and Sequestration / Gail Taylor -- 5.1. Biogenic Carbon Capture and Potential for Storage and Sequestration -- 5.2. Global Carbon Cycle and Biogenic Carbon in Bioenergy Systems -- 5.3. Biomass Carbon and the Greenhouse Gas Balance of Bioenergy Systems -- 5.4. Application to Different Biomass Types (Annual Crops, Perennial Crops, Forestry Systems) -- 5.5. Brief Discussion of Temporal Aspects -- References -- Further Reading -- 6. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) and Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound (bVOC) Fluxes Associated With Land-Use Change to Bioenergy Crops / Niall McNamara -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Key Greenhouse Gases and Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds Released During Plant Growth and Biological Processes -- 6.3. Fluxes of GHGS and bVOCs From the Differen Types of Bioenergy Crops -- 6.4. Net Annual and Entire Lifespan Fluxes to Atmosphere of Crops -- 6.5. Significance of Crop Management on GHGS -- 6.6. Potential, Future, and Wider Impacts on GHG Fluxes -- 6.7. Summary -- References -- Further Reading -- 7. Biomass Harvesting, Processing, Storage, and Transport / Ian Shield -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Harvesting Options in Bioenergy Supply Chains -- 7.3. Processing Options for Biomass -- 7.4. Storage Options for Biomass -- 7.5. Transporting Biomass -- 7.6. Summary and Trade-Offs -- References -- Further Reading -- 8. Biomass Conversion Technologies / Ian Watson -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Bio-chemical Conversion -- 8.3. Thermo-Chemical Conversion -- 8.4. Physio-Chemical Conversion -- 8.5. Summary -- References -- Further Reading -- 9. GHG Emissions From Biomethane Gas-to-Grid Injection via Anaerobic Digestion / Paul Adams -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Overview of GHG Emissions From Biomethane Production -- 9.3. Feedstock Supply -- 9.4. Biogas Production -- 9.5. Biogas Cleaning and Upgrading -- 9.6. Biomethane Grid Injection (Feed-In) -- 9.7. End-Use Accounting -- 9.8. Counterfactuals -- 9.9. Summary -- References -- 10. Biodiesel from Argentinean Soy / Patricia Thornley -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Biodiesel Production From Argentinean Soy -- 10.3. Accounting for Interfaces With Other Systems -- 10.4. Consequential and Attributional Life Cycle Assessment -- 10.5. Allocation Procedures -- 10.6. Environmental Trade-Offs Between GHG'S and Other Environmental Impacts -- 10.7. Summary -- References -- Further Reading -- 11. Combustion of Energy Crops for District Heating / Paul Gilbert -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Methodology -- 11.3. Feedstock Selection and Sewage Sludge Overview -- 11.4. System Definition and Inventory -- 11.5. Results for Impact Assessment and Sensitivity Analysis -- 11.6. Discussion -- 11.7. Conclusions -- References -- 12. Production of Wood Pellets from Waste Wood / Carly Whittaker -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Life Cycle Assessment: System Boundaries and Counterfactuals -- 12.3. Results: Net Greenhouse Gas Emissions -- 12.4. Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- 13. Second-Generation Ethanol from Lignocellulose / Caroline M. Taylor -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Key Aspects of Lignocellulosic Ethanol Production -- 13.3. Feedstock -- 13.4. Conversion Technology -- 13.5. Conclusions and Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Further Reading -- 14. Electricity From North American Forest Residues / Mirjam Roder -- 14.1. Introduction -- 14.2. Wood Pellet to Electricity Supply Chain -- 14.3. Life Cycle Assessment and Sensitivity Analysis -- 14.4. LCA Results as Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Bioelectricity -- 14.5. Conclusions -- References -- 15. Agricultural Lessons / Ian Shield -- 15.1. Summary -- 15.2. National Picture -- 15.3. Livestock -- 15.4. Land Use and Land Use Change -- 15.5. Soils and Fertilisers -- 15.6. Energy Consumption -- 16. Engineering Lessons -- Using Engineering Design to Minimise GHG Emissions From Bioenergy Production / Paul Adams -- 16.1. Background -- 16.2. Biomass Supply -- Cultivation, Harvesting, Collection, and Transportation -- 16.3. Processing Biomass -- 16.4. Conversion Technologies -- 16.5. End-Use -- 16.6. Summary -- References -- 17. Environmental Lessons -- Making Bioenergy System Decisions That Benefit the Environment / Patricia Thornley -- 17.1. Environmental Context and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation -- 17.2. Environmental Change and Climate Adaptation -- 17.3. Environmental Impacts of Bioenergy Systems -- 17.4. Land-Use -- 17.5. Airborne Emissions -- 17.6. Reconciling Trade-Offs -- 17.7. Key Management Lessons -- References -- 18. Policy Lessons: The Role of Policy Regimes in Maximising GHG Savings in Bioenergy Systems / Paul Adams -- 18.1. Introduction -- 18.2. Recent Developments in Bioenergy Policy -- 18.3. Review of Key Challenges in Bioenergy Policy Development -- 18.4. Objectives of and Recommendations for Effective Policy Instruments -- 18.5. Conclusion -- 18.6. Summary of Possible Alternative System Scope -- References -- 19. Outlook-for Low Carbon Bioenergy / Paul Adams -- 19.1. Low Carbon Bioenergy Need -- 19.2. Low Carbon Bioenergy Potential -- 19.3. Low Carbon Bioenergy Confidence -- 19.4. Low Carbon Bioenergy Stakeholders -- 19.5. Low Carbon Bioenergy Solutions -- References
Summary "Greenhouse Gases Balance of Bioenergy Systems covers every stage of a bioenergy system, from establishment to energy delivery, presenting a comprehensive, multidisciplinary overview of all the relevant issues and environmental risks. It also provides an understanding of how these can be practically managed to deliver sustainable greenhouse gas reductions. Its expert chapter authors present readers to the methods used to determine the greenhouse gas balance of bioenergy systems, the data required and the significance of the results obtained. It also provides in-depth discussion of key issues and uncertainties, such as soil, agriculture, forestry, fuel conversion and emissions formation. Finally, international case studies examine typical GHG reduction levels for different systems and highlight best practices for bioenergy GHG mitigation. For bringing together into one volume information from several different fields that was up until now scattered throughout many different sources, this book is ideal for researchers, graduate students and professionals coming into the bioenergy field, no matter their previous background. It will be particularly useful for bioenergy researchers seeking to calculate greenhouse gas balances for systems they are studying. I will also be an important resource for policy makers and energy analysts. Uses a multidisciplinary approach to synthesize the diverse information that is required to competently execute GHG balances for bioenergy systems. Presents an in-depth understanding of the science underpinning key issues and uncertainty in GHG assessments of bioenergy systemsIncludes case studies that examine ways to maximize the GHG reductions delivered by different bioenergy systems"-- Provided by publisher
Notes Online resource; title from PDF title page (EBSCO, viewed December 1, 2017)
Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index
Subject Biomass energy.
TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING -- Chemical & Biochemical.
Biomass energy
Form Electronic book
Author Thornley, Patricia, editor
Adams, Paul (Paul W. R.), editor
ISBN 9780128094587
0128094583