| Description |
1 online resource |
| Contents |
Front Cover -- ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT OF NOVELCORONA VIRUSDISEASE (COVID-19) -- ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT OF NOVELCORONA VIRUSDISEASE (COVID-19) -- Copyright -- CONTENTS -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- I -- Introduction, transmission routes and sampling technologies -- 1 -- Updated insight into COVID-19 disease and health management to combat the pandemic -- 1.1 Introduction to SARS-CoV-2 -- 1.2 Overview of SARS-CoV-2 virus -- 1.2.1 Genomic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 -- 1.2.2 Transmission of coronaviruses -- 1.2.3 Clinical characteristics for COVID-19 -- 1.2.4 Diagnostic detection of COVID-19 -- 1.2.4.1 Preanalytical issues impacting the diagnosis -- 1.2.4.2 Primary diagnostic techniques for COVID-19 detection -- 1.2.4.2.1 RT-PCR -- 1.2.4.2.2 RT-LAMP assays -- 1.2.4.2.3 NGS techniques -- 1.2.4.2.4 Serum-based antigen/antibody-based detection techniques -- 1.2.4.3 Novel Point-of-Care approaches and their limitations -- 1.2.5 Late detection issues -- 1.2.6 Monitoring of severely affected COVID-19 patients -- 1.2.7 Other health aspects due to COVID-19 and related health management factors -- 1.2.7.1 Direct COVID-19 risk management -- 1.2.7.2 Medical and domestic waste management -- 1.2.7.3 Telehealth management -- 1.2.7.4 Wastewater management -- 1.2.7.5 Other health management factors -- 1.3 Conclusions -- References -- 2 -- Virus-sampling technologies in different environments -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Methods of SARS-CoV-2 air sampling -- 2.2.1 Filtration -- 2.2.2 Impactor -- 2.2.3 Impinger -- 2.2.4 Cyclone -- 2.2.5 Electrostatic precipitator -- 2.2.6 MD-8 airscan -- 2.3 Literature review for SARS-CoV-2 sampling in air -- 2.4 Surface detection for SARS-CoV-2 -- 2.4.1 Practical tips before sampling -- 2.4.2 Surface sampling area -- 2.4.3 Swab types |
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2.5 Municipal wastewater for SARS-CoV-2 sampling -- 2.5.1 Sampling procedures for SARS-CoV-2 in municipal wastewater -- 2.6 SARS-CoV-2 in urine and stool -- 2.6.1 Sampling method for SARS-CoV-2 in urine and stool -- 2.7 SARS-CoV-2 sampling in food -- 2.8 SARS-CoV-2 detection techniques in air and surface samples -- 2.8.1 RT-PCR -- 2.8.2 Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) -- 2.8.3 Sensor-based method -- 2.9 SARS-CoV-2 recognition in water -- 2.10 SARS-CoV-2 detection in solid wastes -- 2.11 Analysis techniques for SARS-CoV-2 -- 2.12 Conclusion -- References -- 3 -- Mechanism and transmission routes of COVID-19 -- 3.1 Origin and transmission of Sars-CoV-2 -- 3.2 Incidence and risk factors for COVID-19 severity -- 3.2.1 Hypertension -- 3.2.2 Diabetes -- 3.2.3 Cardiovascular disease -- 3.2.4 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease -- 3.2.5 Renal diseases -- 3.2.6 Malignancy -- 3.2.7 Management of COVID-19 patients with comorbidities -- 3.3 SARS-CoV-2 transmission cycle -- 3.3.1 Airborne transmission -- 3.3.2 Fomite transmission -- 3.3.3 Other modes of transmission -- 3.4 Conclusion -- References -- II -- Remediation measures in waste and wastewater environments -- 4 -- Presence, detection, and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and the sustainable remedial measures -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Occurrence, detection, and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, feces, slurry, or biosolids -- 4.2.1 Occurrence and detection of coronaviruses in wastewater -- 4.2.2 Methods for SARS-CoV-2 detection in wastewater -- 4.2.2.1 Virus detection in wastewater using RT-PCR/RT-qPCR -- 4.2.3 Persistence of coronaviruses in wastewater -- 4.2.3.1 Composition of wastewater -- 4.2.3.2 pH -- 4.2.3.3 Temperature -- 4.3 Removal of viruses from water and wastewater environment -- 4.4 Virus removal techniques from wastewater -- 4.4.1 Activated sludge treatment |
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4.4.2 Membrane bioreactor -- 4.5 Mechanism of inactivation of coronaviruses in water environment using disinfectants -- 4.5.1 Chlorination pretreatment -- 4.5.2 Chlorine dioxide -- 4.5.3 Sodium hypochlorite -- 4.5.4 Ozone -- 4.5.5 Ultraviolet irradiation -- 4.6 Measures to ensure the protection of personnel and wastewater treatment workers from contacting COVID-19 -- 4.6.1 Viral contamination risk assessment -- 4.6.2 Measures to protect wastewater treatment workers -- 4.7 Conclusion -- References -- 5 -- A comprehensive study of COVID-19 in wastewater: occurrence, surveillance, and viewpoints on its remedy -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Wastewater: characterization and classification -- 5.2.1 Physical characterization of wastewater -- 5.2.2 Chemical characterization of wastewater -- 5.2.3 Biological characterization of wastewater -- 5.3 Study of municipal wastewater: characterization and classification -- 5.4 Study of health care wastewater: characterization and classification -- 5.4.1 Hazardous health care waste -- 5.4.2 Nonhazardous health care waste -- 5.5 Characteristics of coronavirus -- 5.6 Occurrence and persistence of COVID-19 in wastewater -- 5.7 Detection of coronavirus in wastewater -- 5.8 Inactivation mechanism of COVID-19 in wastewater -- 5.9 Remedial approach -- 5.10 Conclusion and future perspectives -- References -- Further reading -- 6 -- Route of SARS-CoV-2 in sewerage and wastewater treatment plants: dilution, decay, removal, and environmental tr ... -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Dilution of SARS-CoV-2 from the feces to the sewerage -- 6.3 SARS-CoV-2 load of in raw wastewater -- 6.4 The approach for SARS-CoV-2 detection in sewerage is an open issue -- 6.5 Decay of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater due to adverse environmental conditions -- 6.6 Reduction of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater treatment plants |
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6.7 Potential fecal-oral transmission associated with sewerage -- 6.7.1 Aerosolization of wastewater -- 6.7.2 Overflows in municipal combined sewer systems -- 6.7.3 Flooding events in urban areas -- 6.7.4 Discharge of untreated or treated wastewater into surface water bodies -- 6.8 Conclusions and future perspective -- References -- 7 -- Impediments of coronavirus in healthcare wastewater treatment and ways to ameliorate them -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Municipal wastewater: Definition, classification, and characterization -- 7.2.1 Characterization of wastewater pertaining to epidemiological index -- 7.2.1.1 Suspended solids (SS) -- 7.2.1.2 Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) -- 7.2.1.3 Total phosphorus (TP) -- 7.2.1.4 Total Nitrogen (TN) -- 7.2.1.5 Pathogens -- 7.2.2 Possible disinfection routes of MWW -- 7.2.2.1 UV irradiation -- 7.2.2.2 Electrochemical (EC) disinfection -- 7.2.2.3 Ozone disinfection -- 7.2.2.4 Peracetic acid -- 7.2.2.5 Ultrasonication -- 7.2.2.6 Chlorination -- 7.3 Healthcare wastewater (HWW) -- 7.3.1 HWW management -- 7.3.2 HWW collection methods -- 7.3.2.1 Central system -- 7.3.2.2 Decentralized system -- 7.3.3 Pretreatment of HWW -- 7.3.4 Medical wastewater treatment in COVID times -- 7.3.4.1 Wuhan: A case study -- 7.3.5 Mandatory treatment and disinfection plans -- 7.3.5.1 Disinfection procedure -- 7.4 Occurrence and survival of COVID-19 in wastewater, urine, and biosolids -- 7.4.1 The survival of SARS-CoV-2 in urine and the urogenital system -- 7.4.2 Human pathogens can be monitored in sewage -- 7.4.2.1 A paper-strip urine test kit was developed to detect COVID-19 -- 7.4.3 Novel coronavirus infection and gastrointestinal tract -- 7.4.4 Wastewater-based epidemiology -- 7.4.5 Gastrointestinal tract may be another site of viral replication -- 7.4.6 Viruses and the culture methods |
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7.4.7 Waterborne viral outbreaks related to virus -- 7.4.8 Transport of virus in the environment -- 7.4.9 Survival of virus in the environment -- 7.4.10 Microbial tracking tools (viruses) -- 7.5 Measures to the protection of personnel and wastewater treatment workers from contracting COVID-19 -- 7.5.1 Safe management of fecal waste and wastewater -- 7.5.2 Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) -- 7.5.2.1 Level A protection -- 7.5.2.2 Level B protection -- 7.5.2.3 Level C protection -- 7.5.2.4 Level D protection -- 7.5.2.5 Goggles -- 7.5.3 Masks -- 7.5.3.1 Surgical masks -- 7.5.3.2 Respirators -- 7.5.3.3 Air-purifying respirators (APR) -- 7.5.3.4 Powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) -- 7.5.3.5 Supplied-air respirators (SAR) -- 7.5.4 Gloves -- 7.5.5 Face shields -- 7.5.6 Liquid-repellent coveralls, gowns, and aprons -- 7.6 Recycling of PPE -- 7.7 Training for workers -- 7.8 Vaccination recommendation for workers -- 7.9 Conclusion -- References -- 8 -- Handling and treatment strategies of biomedical wastes and biosolids contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 in waste envi ... -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Solid wastes from health care units -- 8.2.1 Classification -- 8.2.1.1 Infectious waste15 -- 8.2.1.2 Pathological wastes15 -- 8.2.1.3 Sharps15 -- 8.2.1.4 Pharmaceutical waste15 -- 8.2.1.5 Chemical wastes15 -- 8.2.1.6 Radioactive wastes15 -- 8.2.2 Modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 -- 8.3 Occurrence of virus in biomedical waste -- 8.4 A comparative study on viruses potentially similar to COVID-19 -- 8.5 Survival of SARS-CoV-2 on different surfaces -- 8.6 Safe handling and management of health care waste generated through the care of COVID-19 patients -- 8.6.1 Preparing a waste management plan as part of COVID-19 patient care -- 8.7 Collection, transport, and storage of waste -- 8.7.1 Collection -- 8.7.2 Storage -- 8.8 Treatment and disposal -- 8.8.1 Treatment |
| Subject |
COVID-19 (Disease)
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COVID-19 (Disease) -- Transmission
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COVID-19 (Disease) -- Prevention
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Public health.
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Environmental health.
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COVID-19
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Public Health
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public health.
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COVID-19 (Disease)
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COVID-19 (Disease) -- Prevention
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COVID-19 (Disease) -- Transmission
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Environmental health
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Public health
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Dehghani, Mohammad Hadi
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Karris, Rama Rao
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Roy, Sharmili
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| ISBN |
9780323909242 |
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0323909248 |
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