Title Nanotechnology applications for clean water : solutions for improving water quality / edited by Anita Street [and others] ; foreword by George Gray

Edition 2nd ed Published Oxford : William Andrew, ©2014

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Description 1 online resource Series Micro & nano technologies series Micro & nano technologies. Contents Ch. 1 Sensors Based on Carbon Nanotube Arrays and Graphene for Water Monitoring -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. CNT-based electrochemical sensors -- 1.2.1. Various methods for preparation of CNT-based sensors -- 1.2.2. Fabrication of aligned CNT NEA -- 1.2.3. Applications of CNT-based sensors for metal ion monitoring -- 1.3. Graphene-based sensors -- 1.3.1. Graphene-based electrochemical sensors -- 1.3.2. Graphene sensors for pesticides -- 1.3.3. Graphene sensors for other pollutants -- 1.4. Conclusions and future work -- Acknowledgments -- References -- ch. 2 Advanced Nanosensors for Environmental Monitoring -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Nanostructured sensing materials developed -- 2.2.1. Incorporation of metal nanoparticles in photopolymerized organic conducting polymers -- 2.2.2. Nanostructured PAA membranes as novel electrode materials -- 2.3. Chemical sensor arrays and pattern recognition 2.3.1. Data processing, pattern recognition, and support vector machines -- 2.3.2. Integration of sensor array with chromatographic systems -- 2.4. Biosensing applications of nanostructured materials -- 2.4.1. Biosensors for polychlorinated biphenyls -- 2.4.2. Endocrine disrupting chemicals, chlorinated organics, and other analytes -- 2.4.3. Multiarray electrochemical sensors for monitoring pathogenic bacteria, cell viability, and antibiotic susceptibility -- 2.5. Conclusions and future perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- ch. 3 Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials for Detection of Pesticides and Explosives -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Nanomaterials-based biosensors for pesticides -- 3.2.1. Biosensor based on AChE -- 3.2.2. Biosensor based on ChO/AChE bienzyme -- 3.2.3. Biosensor based on LBL assembly of AChE on CNT -- 3.2.4. Biosensor based on OPH -- 3.3. NP-based electrochemical immunoassay of TNT 3.3.1. The principle of NP-based TNT sensor -- 3.3.2. The analytical performance of TNT sensor -- 3.4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- ch. 4 Dye Nanoparticle-Coated Test Strips for Detection of ppb-Level Ions in Water -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Fundamental concept of dye nanoparticle-coated test strip -- 4.2.1. Structural features of dye nanoparticle-coated test strip -- 4.2.2. Simple yet versatile fabrication methods of DNTSs -- 4.2.3. Detection characteristics with DNTS -- 4.3. The strategy to produce a suitable DNTS for a target ion -- 4.4. Detection of harmful ions in water with DNTSs -- 4.4.1. PAN nanofiber DNTS for Zn(II) detection -- 4.4.2. Dithizone nanofiber DNTS for Hg(II) detection -- 4.5. Conclusions and future perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- ch. 5 Functional Nucleic Acid-Directed Assembly of Nanomaterials and Their Applications as Colorimetric and fluorescent Sensors for Trace Contaminants in Water 5.1. Detection of trace contaminants in water -- 5.2. Functional nucleic acids for molecular recognition -- 5.2.1. In vitro selection of functional nucleic acids that are selective for a broad range of target analytes -- 5.2.2. Analytes or contaminants recognized selectively by functional nucleic acids -- 5.3. Functional nucleic acid-directed assembly of nanomaterials for sensing contaminants -- 5.3.1. Fluorescent sensors -- 5.3.2. Colorimetric sensors -- 5.4. Simultaneous multiplexed detection using quantum dots and gold nanoparticles -- 5.5. Sensors on solid supports -- 5.5.1. Dipsticks -- 5.5.2. Incorporation of sensors into devices -- 5.6. Other sensing schemes utilizing electrochemistry and magnetic resonance imaging -- 5.7. Conclusions and future perspective -- Acknowledgments -- References -- ch. 6 Nanostructured Membranes for Water Purification -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Conducting PAA membranes -- 6.2.1. PAA membranes for nanofiltration of ENPs 6.2.2. Application of PAA membranes for absolute disinfection of drinking water -- 6.3. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- ch. 7 Advances in Nanostructured Membranes for Water Desalination -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Desalination technologies -- 7.2.1. State of the art in RO -- 7.2.2. State of the art in MD -- 7.3. Nanostructured membranes -- 7.3.1. Nanozeolite membranes -- 7.3.2. Clay nanocomposite membranes -- 7.3.3. CNT membranes -- 7.4. Application of nanostructured membranes -- 7.4.1. CNT membranes in RO -- 7.4.2. CNT membranes in MD -- 7.5.Commercial efforts to date -- 7.6. Future challenge of energy-efficient CNT membranes for desalination -- Acknowledgments -- References -- ch. 8 Nanostructured Titanium Oxide Film- and Membrane-Based Photocatalysis for Water Treatment -- 8.1. TiO2 photocatalysis and challenges -- 8.2. Sol-gel synthesis of porous Ti02: surfactant self-assembling -- 8.3. Immobilization of TiO2 in the form of films and membranes 8.4. Activation of TiO2 under visible light irradiation -- 8.5. Selective decomposition of target contaminants -- 8.6. Versatile environmental applications -- 8.7. Suggestions and implications -- Acknowledgments -- References -- ch. 9 Nanotechnology-Based Membranes for Water Purification -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Zeolite-coated ceramic membranes -- 9.3. Inorganic-organic TFN membranes -- 9.4. Hybrid protein-polymer biomimetic membranes -- 9.5. Aligned CNT membranes -- 9.6. Self-assembled block copolymer membranes -- 9.7. Graphene-based membranes -- 9.8. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 10 Multifunctional Nanomaterial-Enabled Membranes for Water Treatment -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Nanostructured membranes with functional nanoparticles -- 10.2.1. Overview of recent progress in the development of multifunctional membranes -- 10.2.2. Porous polymer nanocomposite membranes: structural aspects 10.2.3. Example: effect of filler incorporation route on the structure and biocidal properties of polysulfone-silver nanocomposite membranes of different porosities -- 10.2.4. Example: Self-cleaning membrane for ozonation-ultrafiltration hybrid process -- 10.3. Potential future research directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- ch. 11 Nanofluidic Carbon Nanotube Membranes: Applications for Water Purification and Desalination -- 11.1. Introduction: carbon nanotube membrane technology for water purification -- 11.2. Basic structure and properties of carbon nanotubes -- 11.3. Water transport in carbon nanotube pores: an MD simulation view -- 11.3.1. Water inside carbon nanotubes -- 11.3.2. Carbon nanotubes as biological channel analogs -- 11.4. Fabrication of carbon nanotube membranes -- 11.4.1. Polymeric/CNT membranes -- 11.4.2. Silicon nitride CNT membranes -- 11.4.3. CNT polymer network fabrication 11.5. Experimental observations of water transport in double-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotube membranes -- 11.6. Nanofiltration properties of carbon nanotube membranes -- 11.6.1. Size exclusion experiments in the 1-10 nm size range -- 11.6.2. Ion exclusion in carbon nanotube membranes -- 11.7. Altering transport selectivity by membrane functionalization -- 11.8. Is energy-efficient desalination and water purification with carbon nanotube membranes possible and practical? -- Acknowledgments -- References -- ch. 12 Design of Advanced Membranes and Substrates for Water Purification and Desalination -- 12.1. Overview -- 12.2. Novel method to make a continuous micro-mesopore membrane with tailored surface chemistry for use in nanofiltration -- 12.3. Deposition of polyelectrolyte complex films under pressure and from organic solvents -- 12.4. Solvent resistant hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile membranes -- 12.5. Polyimides membranes for nanofiltration -- 12.6. Conclusions 15.3. Dendrimers as recyclable ligands for anions -- 15.4. Dendrimer-enhanced filtration: overview and applications -- 15.5. Summary and outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- ch. 16 Detection and Extraction of Pesticides from Drinking Water Using Nanotechnologies -- 16.1. Introduction -- 16.2. The need for nanomaterials and nanotechnology -- 16.3. Earlier efforts for pesticide removal -- 16.3.1. Surface adsorption -- 16.3.2. Biological degradation -- 16.3.3. Membrane filtration -- 16.4. Nanomaterials-based chemistry: recent approaches -- 16.4.1. Homogeneous versus heterogeneous chemistry -- 16.4.2. Variety of nanosystems -- 16.5. Pesticide removal from drinking water: a case study -- 16.5.1. Noble metal nanoparticle-based mineralization of pesticides -- 16.5.2. Detection of ultralow pesticide contamination in water -- 16.5.3. Technology to product: a snapshot view -- 16.6. Future directions -- References -- Further reading Ch. 17 Nanomaterials-Enhanced Electrically Switched Ion Exchange Process for Water Treatment -- 17.1. Introduction -- 17.2. Principle of the electrically switched ion exchange technology -- 17.3. Nanomaterials-enhanced electrically switched ion exchange for removal of radioactive cesium-137 -- 17.4. Nanomaterials-enhanced electrically switched ion exchange for removal of chromate and perchlorate -- 17.5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- ch. 18 Nanometallic Particles for Oligodynamic Microbial Disinfection -- 18.1. Introduction -- 18.2. Economic impact of modern disinfection systems -- 18.3. Health impact of water disinfection shortfalls -- 18.4. Modern disinfection systems -- 18.5. Nanometallic particles in alternative disinfection systems -- 18.5.1. Silver nanoparticles -- 18.5.2. Synthesis -- 18.5.3. Utility -- 18.6. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 19 Nanostructured Visible-Light Photocatalysts for Water Purification 19.1. Visible-light photocatalysis with titanium oxides -- 19.2. Sol-gel fabrication of nitrogen-doped titanium oxide nanoparticle photocatalysts -- 19.3. Metal-ion-modified nitrogen-doped titanium oxide photocatalysts -- 19.4. Nanostructured nitrogen-doped titanium-oxide-based photocatalysts -- 19.5. Environmental properties of nitrogen-doped titanium-oxide- based photocatalysts -- 19.6. Conclusions and future directions -- References -- ch. 20 Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Disinfection and Microbial Control: Merits and Limitations -- 20.1. Introduction -- 20.2. Current and potential applications -- 20.2.1. Nanosilver -- 20.2.2. Titanium oxide -- 20.2.3. Fullerenes -- 20.2.4.Combining current technologies with nanotechnology -- 20.3. Outlook on the role of nanotechnology in microbial control: limitations and research needs -- References -- ch. 21 Possible Applications of Fullerene Nanomaterials in Water Treatment and Reuse -- 21.1. Introduction 21.2. Chemistry of fullerene nanomaterials -- 21.3. Applications of fullerene nanomaterials -- 21.3.1. Membrane fabrication using fullerene nanomaterials -- 21.3.2. Oxidation of organic compounds -- 21.3.3. Bacterial and viral inactivation -- 21.4. Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- ch. 22 Heterogeneous Catalytic Reduction for Water Purification: Nanoscale Effects on Catalytic Activity, Selectivity, and Sustainability -- 22.1. Introduction -- 22.2. Catalytic hydrodehalogenation: iodinated X-ray contrast media -- 22.3. Selective catalytic nitrate reduction -- 22.4. Conclusions and prospects -- References -- ch. 23 Enhanced Dechlorination of Trichloroethylene by Membrane-Supported Iron and Bimetallic Nanoparticles -- 23.1. Introduction -- 23.2. Nanoparticle formation -- 23.2.1. Solution and emulsion techniques -- 23.2.2. In situ formation of nanoparticles -- 23.2.3. Addition of secondary metals -- 23.2.4. Preserving zero-valence -- 23.3. Polymers 23.4.Composite material -- 23.5. Water treatment -- 23.5.1. Metal particle composition -- 23.5.2. Absorption in support polymer -- 23.6. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 24 Synthesis of Nanostructured Bimetallic Particles in Polyligand-Functionalized Membranes for Remediation Applications -- 24.1. Introduction -- 24.2. Nanoparticle synthesis in functionalized membranes -- 24.2.1. Polyvinylidene flouride membrane functionalization with polyacrylic acid -- 24.2.2. Synthesis of fe-based bimetallic nanoparticles in polyacrylic acid layers -- 24.3. Characterization of polyacrylic acid functionalized membranes -- 24.4. Characterization of nanoparticles in membranes -- 24.4.1. Chelation interaction between ferrous ions and polyacrylic acid -- 24.4.2. Fe/Pd nanoparticle characterization -- 24.5. Reactivity of membrane-based nanoparticles -- 24.5.1. Catalytic hydrodechlorination of trichloroethylene -- 24.5.2. Effect of dopant material and nanoparticle structure 24.5.3. Catalytic hydrodechlorination of selected polychlorinated biphenyls -- 24.5.4. Dechlorination efficiency of different polychlorinated biphenyls -- 24.5.5. Catalytic activity as a function of palladium coating content -- 24.6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- ch. 25 Magnesium-Based Corrosion Nano-Cells for Reductive Transformation of Contaminants -- 25.1. Introduction -- 25.2. Magnesium-based bimetallic systems -- 25.3. Unique corrosion properties of magnesium -- 25.4. Doping nanoscale palladium onto magnesium-modified alcohol reduction route -- 25.5. Role of nanosynthesis in assuaging concerns from palladium usage -- 25.6. Challenges in nanoscaling magnesium -- 25.7. Other environmental applications -- Acknowledgments -- References -- ch. 26 Multifunctional Materials Containing Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron in Carbon Microspheres for the Environmentally Benign Remediation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons -- 26.1. Introduction 26.2. Materials synthesis -- 26.2.1. Adsorption and reactivity studies -- 26.3. Stability and transport characteristics -- 26.4. Partitioning at TCE-water interfaces -- 26.5. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- ch. 27 Water Decontamination Using Iron and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles -- 27.1. Introduction -- 27.2. Synthesis and properties of iron and iron oxide nanoparticles -- 27.2.1. Iron nanoparticles -- 27.2.2. Iron oxide nanoparticles -- 27.3. Removal of pollutants through sorption/dechlorination by iron/iron oxide nanoparticles -- 27.3.1. Removal of arsenic in water -- 27.3.2. Removal of chromium in water -- 27.3.3. Removal of phosphates in water -- 27.3.4. Removal of chloro-organics in water -- 27.3.5. Removal of E. coli in Water -- 27.4. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 28 Nanotechnology for Contaminated Subsurface Remediation: Possibilities and Challenges -- 28.1. Introduction -- 28.2. Sources of groundwater contamination, and remediation costs 28.3. Remediation alternatives -- 28.4. Contaminated site remediation via reactive nanomaterials -- 28.5. Example of contaminated site remediation via reactive nanometals -- 28.6. Summary -- References -- ch. 29 Green Remediation of Hexavalent Chromium Using Naturally Derived Flavonoids and Engineered Nanoparticles -- 29.1. Introduction -- 29.2. Nanotechnologies for site remediation and wastewater treatment -- 29.2.1. Bimetallic nanoparticles remediation approach -- 29.2.2. Remediation of chromium using nanotechnology -- 29.2.3. Determination of Cr(VI) concentration -- 29.2.4. Removal of Cr(VI) from complex aqueous media -- 29.3. Naturally occurring flavonoids as reducing agents for hexavalent chromium -- 29.4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- ch. 30 Physicochemistry of Polyelectrolyte Coatings That Increase Stability, Mobility, and Contaminant Specificity of Reactive Nanoparticles Used for Groundwater Remediation 30.1. Challenges of using reactive nanomaterials for in situ groundwater remediation -- 30.2. Polymeric surface modification/functionalization -- 30.2.1. Definitions and materials -- 30.2.2. Nanoparticle surface modification approaches -- 30.3. Effect of surface modifiers on the mobility of nanomaterials in the subsurface -- 30.3.1. Colloidal forces and Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory -- 30.3.2. Adsorbed layer characterization -- 30.4. Contaminant targeting of polymeric functionalized nanoparticles -- 30.5. Effect of surface modification/functionalization on contaminant degradation -- 30.6. Remaining challenges and ongoing research and development opportunities -- References -- ch. 31 Stabilization of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles for Enhanced In Situ Destruction of Chlorinated Solvents in Soils and Groundwater -- 31.1. Introduction -- 31.2. Stabilization of zero-valent iron nanoparticles using polysaccharides 31.3. Reactivity of starch- or carboxymethyl-cellulose-stabilized zero-valent iron nanoparticles -- References -- ch. 32 Reducing Leachability and Bioaccessibility of Toxic Metals in Soils, Sediments, and Solid/Hazardous Wastes Using Stabilized Nanoparticles -- 32.1. Reductive immobilization of chromate in soil and water using stabilized zero-valent iron nanoparticles -- 32.1.1. Introduction -- 32.1.2. Reduction and removal of Cr(VI) in water -- 32.1.3. Reduction and immobilization of Cr(VI) sorbed in soil -- 32.2. In situ immobilization of lead in soils using stabilized vivianite nanoparticles -- 32.3. Mechanisms of nanoparticle stabilization by carboxymethyl cellulose -- 32.4. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 33 Introduction to Societal Issues: The Responsible Development of Nanotechnology for Water -- References -- ch. 34 Nanotechnology in Water: Societal, Ethical, and Environmental Considerations -- 34.1. Introduction 34.2. Responsible development: ethical, social, and environmental concerns -- 34.2.1. Access, parity, and effects of technology deployment -- 34.2.2. Human health and environmental effects -- 34.3. Public engagement: what role should the public have? -- 34.4. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 35 Competition for Water -- 35.1. Introduction -- 35.2. Population and technological impacts on water -- 35.3. Water access -- 35.4. Corruption, mismanagement, and overconsumption -- 35.5. Climate change and global warming -- 35.6. Patents: parity and access issues -- 35.7. Political demands -- 35.8. Conflict -- 35.9. Biofuels -- 35.9.1. Biofuels introduction -- 35.9.2. Worldwide biofuels policy -- 35.9.3. Biofuels: solution to or creation of a problem? -- 35.9.4. Possible ways forward for biofuels -- 35.10. Bottled water -- 35.11. Future trends -- 35.12. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- ch. 36 A Framework for Using Nanotechnology to Improve Water Quality -- 36.1. Introduction 36.2. Superordinate goals -- 36.3. Trading zones -- 36.3.1. Interactional expertise -- 36.3.2. Boundary object -- 36.4. Moral imagination -- 36.5. Adaptive management -- 36.6. Anticipatory governance -- 36.6.1. Expert elicitation as a method for facilitating anticipatory governance -- 36.6.2. Potters for peace -- 36.7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- ch. 37 International Governance Perspectives on Nanotechnology Water Innovation -- 37.1. Introduction -- 37.2. Diagnosing the need -- 37.3. The role for policy -- 37.4. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 38 Nanoscience and Water: Public Engagement at and below the Surface -- 38.1. Introduction -- 38.2. Water and the public -- 38.3. Nanotechnology treatment strategies -- 38.4. Modalities -- 38.4.1. Municipal systems -- 38.4.2. Point-of-use systems -- 38.4.3. Targeted systems -- 38.5. Water and public engagement -- 38.5.1. Municipal systems -- 38.5.2. Point-of-use strategies -- 38.6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments Notes -- References -- ch. 39 How Can Nanotechnologies Fulfill the Needs of Developing Countries? -- 39.1. Nanotechnologies and developing countries -- 39.2. How can nanotechnologies deliver public value? -- 39.3. Nanodialogues in Zimbabwe -- 39.4. Balancing risk and opportunity -- 39.5. Future directions -- References -- ch. 40 Challenges to Implementing Nanotechnology Solutions to Water Issues in Africa -- 40.1. Introduction -- 40.2.Community involvement or ownership -- 40.3.Community need for the technology -- 40.4.Community water quality monitoring -- 40.5. Infrastructure -- 40.6. Capacity development -- 40.7. Improvements in quality of life -- 40.8.Commercialization of nanotechnologies -- 40.9. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 41 Life Cycle Inventory of Semiconductor Cadmium Selenide Quantum Dots for Environmental Applications -- 41.1. Introduction -- 41.2. Applications and synthesis of quantum dots -- 41.3. Methodology 41.4. Life cycle inventory of synthesis of CdSe quantum dots -- 41.5. Conclusions and future perspective -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Nanotechnology Solutions for Improving Water Quality Summary Nanotechnology is already having a dramatic impact on improving water quality and the second edition of Nanotechnology Applications for Clean Water highlights both the challenges and the opportunities for nanotechnology to positively influence this area of environmental protection. This book presents detailed information on cutting-edge technologies, current research, and trends that may impact the success and uptake of the applications. Recent advances show that many of the current problems with water quality can be addressed using nanosorbents, nanocatalysts, bioactive nanoparticles, nanostructured catalytic membranes, and nanoparticle enhanced filtration. The book describes these technologies in detail and demonstrates how they can provide clean drinking water in both large scale water treatment plants and in point-of-use systems. In addition, the book addresses the societal factors that may affect widespread acceptance of the applications Notes Includes index Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index Notes Print version record Subject Water-supply engineering -- Technological innovations Water -- Purification -- Technological innovations Water -- Pollution -- Prevention Nanotechnology. Nanostructured materials. Nanostructures Nanotechnology Nanostructured materials Nanotechnology Water -- Pollution -- Prevention Water -- Purification -- Technological innovations Form Electronic book Author Street, Anita ISBN 1306798078 9781306798075 9781455731855 1455731854 1455731161 9781455731169

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