Cover; Half Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Dedication; Table of Contents; Preface; Introduction; Historical Perspective; Author; Chapter 1: Basic Concepts from General Chemistry and Fundamental Hydraulics; Basic Chemistry Review; Terminology; Valency/Oxidation State and Bonds; Metals and Nonmetals; Nomenclature; Gas Laws; Grades of Chemicals; Dilutions; Lab Analysis; Sampling; pH; Measurement of Hydrogen Ion Concentration; Expression of pH; Importance of pH; Acidity; Types; Methods of Measurement; Significance of Acidity; Alkalinity; Types; Basic Hydraulics Review; Terminology
Laminar versus Turbulent Flow; Turbine; Equations; Bibliography; Suggested Reading; Chapter 2: Lime-Soda Softening; Hardness; Softening; Basic Principles; Bar Charts; Process Equations; Bibliography; Chapter 3: Fundamental Principles and Concepts of Ion Exchange; Introduction; Basics; Batch/Columnar Operation; Basic Columnar Operation; Natural Ion Exchangers; Synthetic Ion Exchangers; Synthetic Cation Exchangers; Strong-Acid Cation Exchange Resins; Weak-Acid Cation Exchange Resins; Synthetic Anion Exchangers; Strong-Base Anion Exchange Resins; Weak-Base Anion Exchangers; Selectivity
Order of Selectivity (Relative Affinity); Selectivity Determination; Resin Structure; Capacity; Particle Size; Process Description; Backwash; Regeneration; Rinse; Service; Example Problems and Solutions; References; Chapter 4: Laboratory-Scale Testing of Ion Exchange; Introduction; Columns; Reservoirs; Column Operations; Flow Rates; Resin Conditioning; Concentration of Solutions; Volumes of Solutions; Cautions; Charging; Backwashing; Regeneration; References; Chapter 5: Ion Exchange Applications and Design; Basic Flow Sheets; Demineralization; Flow Scheme Configurations; Silica Removal
Raw Water Composition; Plant Size; Costs of Regenerants; Effluent Water Composition; Flow Schemes; Alkalinity Reduction Flow Schemes; Design; Determine Finished Water Quality; Determine Raw Water Quality; Determine Pretreatment Requirements; Industrial Flow Schemes; Arsenic Removal; Barium Removal; Boron Removal; Ion Exchange as a Chemical Feeder; Chromium Removal; Lead Removal; Nickel Removal; Radium; Uranium; Bibliography; Appendix: Tables and Conversion Factors; Index