| Description |
1 online resource (817 pages) |
| Contents |
Cover -- Dedication -- Brief Contents -- Table of Contents -- Smart Figures -- Preface -- Chapter 1: An Introduction to Geology -- 1.1: Geology: The Science of Earth -- Physical and Historical Geology -- Geology, People, and the Environment -- Geo Graphics 1.1: World Population Passes 7 Billion -- 1.2: The Development of Geology -- Catastrophism -- The Birth of Modern Geology -- Geology Today -- The Magnitude of Geologic Time -- 1.3: The Nature of Scientific Inquiry -- Hypothesis -- Theory -- Scientific Methods -- Plate Tectonics and Scientific Inquiry -- 1.4: Earth as a System -- Earth's Spheres -- Earth System Science -- The Earth System -- 1.5: Origin and Early Evolution of Earth -- Origin of Our Solar System -- Geo Graphics 1.2: Solar System: Size and Scale -- Formation of Earth's Layered Structure -- 1.6: Earth's Internal Structure -- Earth's Crust -- Earth's Mantle -- Earth's Core -- 1.7: Rocks and the Rock Cycle -- The Basic Cycle -- Alternative Paths -- 1.8: The Face of Earth -- Major Features of the Ocean Floor -- Major Features of the Continents -- Concepts in Review -- Chapter 2: Plate Tectonics: A Scientific Revolution Unfolds -- 2.1: From Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics -- 2.2: Continental Drift: An Idea Before Its Time -- Evidence: The Continental Jigsaw Puzzle -- Evidence: Fossils Matching Across the Seas -- Evidence: Rock Types and Geologic Features -- Evidence: Ancient Climates -- 2.3: The Great Debate -- Rejection of the Drift Hypothesis -- 2.4: The Theory of Plate Tectonics -- Rigid Lithosphere Overlies Weak Asthenosphere -- Earth's Major Plates -- Plate Movement -- 2.5: Divergent Plate Boundaries and Seafloor Spreading -- Oceanic Ridges and Seafloor Spreading -- Continental Rifting -- 2.6: Convergent Plate Boundaries and Subduction -- Oceanic-Continental Convergence -- Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence |
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Continental-Continental Convergence -- 2.7: Transform Plate Boundaries -- 2.8: How Do Plates and Plate Boundaries Change? -- The Breakup of Pangaea -- Plate Tectonics in the Future -- 2.9: Testing the Plate Tectonics Model -- Evidence: Ocean Drilling -- Evidence: Mantle Plumes and Hot Spots -- Evidence: Paleomagnetism -- 2.10 How Is Plate Motion Measured? -- Geologic Measurement of Plate Motion -- Measuring Plate Motion from Space -- 2.11 What Drives Plate Motions? -- Forces That Drive Plate Motion -- Models of Plate-Mantle Convection -- Concepts in Review -- Chapter 3: Matter and Minerals -- 3.1: Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks -- Defining a Mineral -- What Is a Rock? -- 3.2: Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals -- Properties of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons -- Elements: Defined by Their Number of Protons -- 3.3: Why Atoms Bond -- The Octet Rule and Chemical Bonds -- Ionic Bonds: Electrons Transferred -- Covalent Bonds: Electron Sharing -- Metallic Bonds: Electrons Free to Move -- Hybrid Bonds -- 3.4: How Do Minerals Form? -- Precipitation of Mineral Matter -- Crystallization of Molten Rock -- Geo Graphics 3.1: Gold -- Deposition as a Result of Biological Processes -- 3.5: Properties of Minerals -- Optical Properties -- Crystal Shape, or Habit -- Mineral Strength -- Density and Specific Gravity -- Other Properties of Minerals -- 3.6: Mineral Structures and Compositions -- Mineral Structures -- Compositional Variations in Minerals -- Structural Variations in Minerals -- 3.7: Mineral Groups -- Classifying Minerals -- Silicate Versus Nonsilicate Minerals -- 3.8: The Silicates -- Silicate Structures -- Joining Silicate Structures -- 3.9: Common Silicate Minerals -- The Light Silicates -- The Dark Silicates -- 3.10: Important Nonsilicate Minerals -- Geo Graphics 3.2: Gemstones -- Concepts in Review |
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Chapter 4: Magma, Igneous Rocks, and Intrusive Activity -- 4.1: Magma: Parent Material of Igneous Rock -- The Nature of Magma -- From Magma to Crystalline Rock -- Igneous Processes -- 4.2: Igneous Compositions -- Granitic (Felsic) Versus Basaltic (Mafic) Compositions -- Other Compositional Groups -- Silica Content as an Indicator of Composition -- 4.3: Igneous Textures: What Can They Tell Us? -- Types of Igneous Textures -- 4.4: Naming Igneous Rocks -- Granitic (Felsic) Igneous Rocks -- Andesitic (Intermediate) Igneous Rocks -- Basaltic (Mafic) Igneous Rocks -- Pyroclastic Rocks -- Geo Graphics 4.1: Granite: An Intrusive Igneous Rock -- 4.5: Origin of Magma -- Generating Magma from Solid Rock -- 4.6: How Magmas Evolve -- Bowen's Reaction Series and the Composition of Igneous Rocks -- Magmatic Differentiation and Crystal Settling -- Assimilation and Magma Mixing -- 4.7 Partial Melting and Magma Composition -- Formation of Basaltic Magma -- Formation of Andesitic and Granitic Magmas -- 4.8: Intrusive Igneous Activity -- Nature of Intrusive Bodies -- Tabular Intrusive Bodies: Dikes and Sills -- Massive Intrusive Bodies: Batholiths, Stocks, and Laccoliths -- Concepts in Review -- Chapter 5: Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards -- 5.1: The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions -- Factors Affecting Viscosity -- Quiescent Versus Explosive Eruptions -- 5.2: Materials Extruded During an Eruption -- Lava Flows -- Geo Graphics 5.1: Eruption of Mount St. Helens -- Gases -- Pyroclastic Materials -- 5.3: Anatomy of a Volcano -- 5.4: Shield Volcanoes -- Shield Volcanoes of Hawaii -- Evolution of Volcanic Islands -- 5.5: Cinder Cones -- Geo Graphics 5.2: Kilauea's East Rift Zone Eruption -- Parícutin: Life of a Garden-Variety Cinder Cone -- 5.6: Composite Volcanoes -- 5.7: Volcanic Hazards -- Pyroclastic Flow: A Deadly Force of Nature |
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Lahars: Mudflows on Active and Inactive Cones -- Other Volcanic Hazards -- 5.8: Other Volcanic Landforms -- Calderas -- Fissure Eruptions and Basalt Plateaus -- Lava Domes -- Volcanic Necks and Pipes -- 5.9: Plate Tectonics and Volcanic Activity -- Volcanism at Convergent Plate Boundaries -- Volcanism at Divergent Plate Boundaries -- Intraplate Volcanism -- 5.10: Monitoring Volcanic Activity -- Concepts in Review -- Chapter 6: Weathering and Soils -- 6.1: Weathering -- 6.2: Mechanical Weathering -- Frost Wedging -- Salt Crystal Growth -- Sheeting -- Geo Graphics 6.1: Some Everyday Examples of Weathering -- Geo Graphics 6.2: The Old Man of the Mountain -- Biological Activity -- 6.3: Chemical Weathering -- Dissolution -- Oxidation -- Hydrolysis -- Spheroidal Weathering -- 6.4: Rates of Weathering -- Rock Characteristics -- Climate -- Differential Weathering -- 6.5: Soil -- An Interface in the Earth System -- What Is Soil? -- Soil Texture and Structure -- 6.6: Controls of Soil Formation -- Parent Material -- Climate -- Plants and Animals -- Time -- Topography -- 6.7: Describing and Classifying Soils -- The Soil Profile -- Classifying Soils -- 6.8: The Impact of Human Activities on Soil -- Clearing the Tropical Rain Forest: A Case Study of Human Impact on Soil -- Soil Erosion: Losing a Vital Resource -- Geo Graphics 6.3: The 1930s Dust Bowl: An Environmental Disaster -- Concepts in Review -- Chapter 7: Sedimentary Rocks -- 7.1: An Introduction to Sedimentary Rocks -- Importance -- Origins -- 7.2: Detrital Sedimentary Rocks -- Shale -- Sandstone -- Conglomerate and Breccia -- 7.3: Chemical Sedimentary Rocks -- Limestone -- Geo Graphics 7.1: Limestone: An Important and Versatile Commodity -- Dolostone -- Chert -- Evaporites -- 7.4: Coal: An Organic Sedimentary Rock -- 7.5: Turning Sediment into Sedimentary Rock: Diagenesis and Lithification -- Diagenesis |
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Lithification -- 7.6: Classification of Sedimentary Rocks -- 7.7: Sedimentary Rocks Represent Past Environments -- Types of Sedimentary Environments -- Sedimentary Facies -- Sedimentary Structures -- 7.8: The Carbon Cycle and Sedimentary Rocks -- Concepts in Review -- Chapter 8: Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks -- 8.1: What Is Metamorphism? -- 8.2: What Drives Metamorphism? -- Heat as a Metamorphic Agent -- Confining Pressure -- Differential Stress -- Chemically Active Fluids -- The Importance of Parent Rock -- 8.3: Metamorphic Textures -- Foliation -- Foliated Textures -- Other Metamorphic Textures -- 8.4: Common Metamorphic Rocks -- Foliated Metamorphic Rocks -- Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rocks -- 8.5: Metamorphic Environments -- Geo Graphics 8.1: Marble -- Contact, or Thermal, Metamorphism -- Hydrothermal Metamorphism -- Burial and Subduction Zone Metamorphism -- Regional Metamorphism -- Other Metamorphic Environments -- Geo Graphics 8.2: Impact Metamorphism -- 8.6: Metamorphic Zones -- Textural Variations -- Index Minerals and Metamorphic Grade -- 8.7: Interpreting Metamorphic Environments -- Common Metamorphic Facies -- Metamorphic Facies and Plate Tectonics -- Mineral Stability and Metamorphic Environments -- Concepts in Review -- Chapter 9: Geologic Time -- 9.1: Creating a Time Scale: Relative Dating Principles -- The Importance of a Time Scale -- Numerical and Relative Dates -- Principle of Superposition -- Principle of Original Horizontality -- Principle of Lateral Continuity -- Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships -- Principle of Inclusions -- Unconformities -- Applying Relative Dating Principles -- Geo Graphics 9.1: Dating the Lunar Surface -- 9.2: Fossils: Evidence of Past Life -- Types of Fossils -- Conditions Favoring Preservation -- Geo Graphics 9.2: How is paleontology different from archaeology? -- 9.3: Correlation of Rock Layers |
| Summary |
For all introductory physical geology courses. Learning Objective-driven textbook, using augmented reality to bring geology to life With its strong readability and engaging, instructive illustrations, this trusted bestseller returns with a hybrid and streamlined focus on core principles. Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology maintains a learning objective-driven approach throughout each chapter: The text provides students with a structured learning path, tied to learning objectives with opportunities for students to demonstrate their understanding at the end of each section. The au |
| Notes |
Print version record |
| Subject |
Physical geology -- Textbooks
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Physical geology
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| Genre/Form |
Textbooks
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Lutgens, Frederick K
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Tasa, Dennis G
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| ISBN |
9781292161938 |
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1292161930 |
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