| Description |
xxv, 697 pages : illustrations ; 29 cm |
| Contents |
Contents note continued: 10.4.Muscle Tone -- Abnormal Muscle Tone -- 10.5.Maintenance of Upright Posture and Balance -- 10.6.Walking -- Chapter 10 Clinical Case Study -- Assorted Assessment Questions -- Answers To Physiological Inquiry Questions -- Section A General Characteristics of Hormones and Hormonal Control Systems -- 11.1.Hormones and Endocrine Glands -- 11.2.Hormone Structures and Synthesis -- Amine Hormones -- Peptide and Protein Hormones -- Steroid Hormones -- 11.3.Hormone Transport in the Blood -- 11.4.Hormone Metabolism and Excretion -- 11.5.Mechanisms of Hormone Action -- Hormone Receptors -- Events Elicited by Hormone-Receptor Binding -- Pharmacological Effects of Hormones -- 11.6.Inputs That Control Hormone Secretion -- Control by Plasma Concentrations of Mineral Ions or Organic Nutrients -- Control by Neurons -- Control by Other Hormones -- 11.7.Types of Endocrine Disorders -- Hyposecretion -- Hypersecretion -- Hyporesponsiveness and Hvperresponsiveness -- |
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Contents note continued: 13.6.Transport of Hydrogen Ion Between Tissues and Lungs -- 13.7.Control of Respiration -- Neural Generation of Rhythmic Breathing -- Control of Ventilation by PO2, PcO2, and H+ Concentration -- Control of Ventilation During Exercise -- Other Ventilatory Responses -- 13.8.Hypoxia -- Why Do Ventilation-Perfusion Abnormalities Affect O2 More Than CO2? -- Emphysema -- Acclimatization to High Altitude -- 13.9.Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lungs -- Chapter 13 Clinical Case Study -- Assorted Assessment Questions -- Answers To Physiological Inquiry Questions -- Section A Basic Principles of Renal Physiology -- 14.1.Renal Functions -- 14.2.Structure of the Kidneys and Urinary System -- 14.3.Basic Renal Processes -- Glomerular Filtration -- Tubular Reabsorption -- Tubular Secretion -- Metabolism by the Tubules -- Regulation of Membrane Channels and Transporters -- "Division of Labor" in the Tubules -- 14.4.The Concept of Renal Clearance -- 14.5.Micturition -- |
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Contents note continued: 14.19.Renal Mechanisms -- HCO3- Handling -- Addition of New HCO3- to the Plasma -- 14.20.Classification of Acidosis and Alkalosis -- Chapter 14 Clinical Case Study -- Assorted Assessment Questions -- Answers To Physiological Inquiry Questions -- 15.1.Overview of the Digestive System -- 15.2.Structure of the Gastrointestinal Tract Wall -- 15.3.General Functions of the Gastrointestinal and Accessory Organs -- 15.4.Digestion and Absorption -- Carbohydrate -- Protein -- Fat -- Vitamins -- Water and Minerals -- 15.5.How Are Gastrointestinal Processes Regulated? -- Basic Principles -- Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus -- Stomach -- Pancreatic Secretions -- Bile Formation and Secretion -- Small Intestine -- Large Intestine -- 15.6.Pathophysiology of the Digestive System -- Ulcers -- Vomiting -- Gallstones -- Lactose Intolerance -- Constipation and Diarrhea -- Chapter 15 Clinical Case Study -- Assorted Assessment Questions -- |
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Contents note continued: 16.7.Fever and Hyperthermia -- Chapter 16 Clinical Case Study -- Assorted Assessment Questions -- Answers To Physiological Inquiry Questions -- Section A Gametogenesis, Sex Determination, and Sex Differentiation; General Principles of Reproductive Endocrinology -- 17.1.Gametogenesis -- 17.2.Sex Determination -- 17.3.Sex Differentiation -- Differentiation of the Gonads -- Differentiation of Internal and External Genitalia -- Sexual Differentiation of the Brain -- 17.4.General Principles of Reproductive Endocrinology -- Androgens -- Estrogens and Progesterone -- Effects of Gonadal Steroids -- Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal Control -- Section B Male Reproductive Physiology -- 17.5.Anatomy -- 17.6.Spermatogenesis -- Sertoli Cells -- Leydig Cells -- Production of Mature Sperm -- 17.7.Transport of Sperm -- Erection -- Ejaculation -- 17.8.Hormonal Control of Male Reproductive Functions -- Control of the Testes -- Testosterone -- 17.9.Puberty -- |
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Contents note continued: 6.19.Protective Elements Associated with the Brain -- Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid -- The Blood-Brain Barrier -- Chapter 6 Clinical Case Study -- Assorted Assessment Questions -- Answers To Physiological Inquiry Questions -- Section A General Principles -- 7.1.Sensory Receptors -- The Receptor Potential -- 7.2.Primary Sensory Coding -- Stimulus Type -- Stimulus Intensity -- Stimulus Location -- Central Control of Afferent Information -- 7.3.Ascending Neural Pathways in Sensory Systems -- 7.4.Association Cortex and Perceptual Processing -- Factors That Affect Perception -- Section B Specific Sensory Systems -- 7.5.Somatic Sensation -- Touch and Pressure -- Posture and Movement -- Temperature -- Pain -- Neural Pathways of the Somatosensory System -- 7.6.Vision -- Light -- Overview of Eye Anatomy -- The Optics of Vision -- Photoreceptor Cells and Phototransduction -- Neural Pathways of Vision -- Color Vision -- Color Blindness -- Eye Movement -- |
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Contents note continued: Allergy (Hypersensitivity) -- Autoimmune Disease -- Excessive Inflammatory Responses -- Chapter 18 Clinical Case Study -- Assorted Assessment Questions -- Answers To Physiological Inquiry Questions -- Section A Case Study of a Woman with Palpitations and Heat Intolerance -- 19.1.Case Presentation -- 19.2.Physical Examination -- 19.3.Laboratory Tests -- 19.4.Diagnosis -- 19.5.Physiological Integration -- 19.6.Therapy -- Section B Case Study of a Man with Chest Pain After a Long Airplane Flight -- 19.7.Case Presentation -- 19.8.Physical Examination -- 19.9.Laboratory Tests -- 19.10.Diagnosis -- 19.11.Physiological Integration -- 19.12.Therapy -- Section C Case Study of a Man with Abdominal Pain, Fever, and Circulatory Failure -- 19.13.Case Presentation -- 19.14.Physical Examination -- 19.15.Laboratory Tests -- 19.16.Diagnosis -- 19.17.Physiological Integration -- 19.18.Therapy -- |
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Contents note continued: Answers To Physiological Inquiry Questions -- Section A Control and Integration of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Fat Metabolism -- 16.1.Events of the Absorptive and Postabsorptive States -- Absorptive State -- Postabsorptive State -- 16.2.Endocrine and Neural Control of the Absorptive and Postabsorptive States -- Insulin -- Glucagon -- Epinephrine and Sympathetic Nerves to Liver and Adipose Tissue -- Cortisol -- Growth Hormone -- Hypoglycemia -- 16.3.Energy Homeostasis in Exercise and Stress -- Section B Regulation of Total-Body Energy Balance and Temperature -- 16.4.General Principles of Energy Expenditure -- Metabolic Rate -- 16.5.Regulation of Total-Body Energy Stores -- Control of Food Intake -- Overweight and Obesity -- Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa -- What Should We Eat? -- 16.6.Regulation of Body Temperature -- Mechanisms of Heat Loss or Gain -- Temperature-Regulating Reflexes -- Temperature Acclimatization -- |
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Contents note continued: Arterial Baroreceptors -- The Medullary Cardiovascular Center -- Operation of the Arterial Baroreceptor Reflex -- Other Baroreceptors -- 12.14.Blood Volume and Long-Term Regulation of Arterial Pressure -- 12.15.Other Cardiovascular Reflexes and Responses -- Section E Cardiovascular Patterns in Health and Disease -- 12.16.Hemorrhage and Other Causes of Hypotension -- Shock -- 12.17.The Upright Posture -- 12.18.Exercise -- Maximal Oxygen Consumption and Training -- 12.19.Hypertension -- 12.20.Heart Failure -- 12.21.Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy -- 12.22.Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Attacks -- Causes and Prevention -- Drug Therapy -- Interventions -- Stroke and TIA -- Section F Hemostasis: The Prevention of Blood Loss -- 12.23.Formation of a Platelet Plug -- 12.24.Blood Coagulation: Clot Formation -- 12.25.Anticlotting Systems -- Factors That Oppose Clot Formation -- The Fibrinolytic System -- 12.26.Anticlotting Drugs -- Chapter 12 Clinical Case Study -- |
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Contents note continued: Assorted Assessment Questions -- Answers To Physiological Inquiry Questions -- 13.1.Organization of the Respiratory System -- The Airways and Blood Vessels -- Site of Gas Exchange: The Alveoli -- Relation of the Lungs to the Thoracic (Chest) Wall -- 13.2.Ventilation and Lung Mechanics -- How Is a Stable Balance of Transmural Pressures Achieved Between Breaths? -- Inspiration -- Expiration -- Lung Compliance -- Airway Resistance -- Lung Volumes and Capacities -- Alveolar Ventilation -- 13.3.Exchange of Gases in Alveoli and Tissues -- Partial Pressures of Gases -- Alveolar Gas Pressures -- Gas Exchange Between Alveoli and Blood -- Matching of Ventilation and Blood Flow in Alveoli -- Gas Exchange Between Tissues and Blood -- 13.4.Transport of Oxygen in Blood -- What Is the Effect of Poe on Hemoglobin Saturation? -- Effects of CO2 and Other Factors in the Blood and Different Isoforms on Hemoglobin Saturation -- 13.5.Transport of Carbon Dioxide in Blood -- |
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Contents note continued: Assorted Assessment Questions -- Answers To Physiological Inquiry Questions -- 18.1.Cells and Secretions Mediating Immune Defenses -- Immune Cells -- Immune Cell Secretions: Cytokines -- 18.2.Innate Immune Responses -- Defenses at Body Surfaces -- Inflammation -- Interferons -- Toll-Like Receptors -- 18.3.Adaptive Immune Responses -- Overview -- Lymphoid Organs and Lymphocyte Origins -- Humoral and Cell-Mediated Responses: Functions of B Cells and T Cells -- Lymphocyte Receptors -- Antigen Presentation to T Cells -- NK Cells -- Development of Immune Tolerance -- Antibody-Mediated Immune Responses: Defenses Against Bacteria, Extracellular Viruses, and Toxins -- Defenses Against Virus-Infected Cells and Cancer Cells -- 18.4.Systemic Manifestations of Infection -- 18.5.Factors That Alter the Resistance to Infection -- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) -- Antibiotics -- 18.6.Harmful Immune Responses -- Graft Rejection -- Transfusion Reactions -- |
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Contents note continued: Atomic Number -- Atomic Mass -- Ions -- Atomic Composition of the Body -- 2.2.Molecules -- Covalent Chemical Bonds -- Ionic Bonds -- Hydrogen Bonds -- Molecular Shape -- Ionic Molecules -- Free Radicals -- 2.3.Solutions -- Water -- Molecular Solubility -- Concentration -- Hydrogen Ions and Acidity -- 2.4.Classes of Organic Molecules -- Carbohydrates -- Lipids -- Proteins -- Nucleic Acids -- Chapter 2 Clinical Case Study -- Assorted Assessment Questions -- Answers To Physiological Inquiry Questions -- Section A Cell Structure -- 3.1.Microscopic Observations of Cells -- 3.2.Membranes -- Membrane Structure -- Membrane Junctions -- 3.3.Cell Organelles -- Nucleus -- Ribosomes -- Endoplasmic Reticulum -- Golgi Apparatus -- Endosomes -- Mitochondria -- Lysosomes -- Peroxisomes -- Vaults -- Cytoskeleton -- Section B Protein Synthesis, Degradation, and Secretion -- 3.4.Genetic Code -- 3.5.Protein Synthesis -- Transcription: mRNA Synthesis -- |
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Contents note continued: Cessation of Activity in Signal Transduction Pathways -- Chapter 5 Clinical Case Study -- Assorted Assessment Questions -- Answers To Physiological Inquiry Questions -- Section A Cells of the Nervous System -- 6.1.Structure and Maintenance of Neurons -- 6.2.Functional Classes of Neurons -- 6.3.Glial Cells -- 6.4.Neural Growth and Regeneration -- Growth and Development of Neurons -- Regeneration of Neurons -- Section B Membrane Potentials -- 6.5.Basic Principles of Electricity -- 6.6.The Resting Membrane Potential -- Nature and Magnitude of the Resting Membrane Potential -- Contribution of Ion Concentration Differences -- Contribution of Different Ion Permeabilities -- Contribution of Ion Pumps -- Summary of the Development of a Resting Membrane Potential -- 6.7.Graded Potentials and Action Potentials -- Graded Potentials -- Action Potentials -- Section C Synapses -- 6.8.Functional Anatomy of Synapses -- Electrical Synapses -- Chemical Synapses -- |
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Contents note continued: Common Diseases of the Eye -- 7.7.Audition -- Sound -- Sound Transmission in the Ear -- Hair Cells of the Organ of Corti -- Neural Pathways in Hearing -- 7.8.Vestibular System -- The Semicircular Canals -- The Utricle and Saccule -- Vestibular Information and Pathways -- 7.9.Chemical Senses -- Gustation -- Olfaction -- Chapter 7 Clinical Case Study -- Assorted Assessment Questions -- Answers To Physiological Inquiry Questions -- 8.1.States of Consciousness -- Electroencephalogram -- The Waking State -- Sleep -- Neural Substrates of States of Consciousness -- Coma and Brain Death -- 8.2.Conscious Experiences -- Selective Attention -- Neural Mechanisms of Conscious Experiences -- 8.3.Motivation and Emotion -- Motivation -- Emotion -- 8.4.Altered States of Consciousness -- Schizophrenia -- The Mood Disorders: Depression and Bipolar Disorders -- Psychoactive Substances, Dependence, and Tolerance -- 8.5.Learning and Memory -- Memory -- |
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Contents note continued: Early Diastole -- Pulmonary Circulation Pressures -- Heart Sounds -- 12.6.The Cardiac Output -- Control of Heart Rate -- Control of Stroke Volume -- 12.7.Measurement of Cardiac Function -- Section C The Vascular System -- 12.8.Arteries -- Arterial Blood Pressure -- Measurement of Systemic Arterial Pressure -- 12.9.Arterioles -- Local Controls -- Extrinsic Controls -- Endothelial Cells and Vascular Smooth Muscle -- Arteriolar Control in Specific Organs -- 12.10.Capillaries -- Anatomy of the Capillary Network -- Velocity of Capillary Blood Flow -- Diffusion Across the Capillary Wall: Exchanges of Nutrients and Metabolic End Products -- Bulk Flow Across the Capillary Wall: Distribution of the Extracellular Fluid -- 12.11.Veins -- Determinants of Venous Pressure -- 12.12.The Lymphatic System -- Mechanism of Lymph Flow -- Section D Integration of Cardiovascular Function: Regulation of Systemic Arterial Pressure -- 12.13.Baroreceptor Reflexes -- |
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Contents note continued: Incontinence -- Section B Regulation of Ion and Water Balance -- 14.6.Total-Body Balance of Sodium and Water -- 14.7.Basic Renal Processes for Sodium and Water -- Primary Active Na+ Reabsorption -- Coupling of Water Reabsorption to Na+ Reabsorption -- Urine Concentration: The Countercurrent Multiplier System -- 14.8.Renal Sodium Regulation -- Control of GFR -- Control of Na+ Reabsorption -- 14.9.Renal Water Regulation -- Osmoreceptor Control of Vasopressin Secretion -- Baroreceptor Control of Vasopressin Secretion -- 14.10.A Summary Example: The Response to Sweating -- 14.11.Thirst and Salt Appetite -- 14.12.Potassium Regulation -- Renal Regulation of K+ -- 14.13.Renal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Ions -- 14.14.Summary-Division of Labor -- 14.15.Diuretics -- Section C Hydrogen Ion Regulation -- 14.16.Sources of Hydrogen Ion Gain or Loss -- 14.17.Buffering of Hydrogen Ion in the Body -- 14.18.Integration of Homeostatic Controls -- |
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Contents note continued: Muscle Adaptation to Exercise -- Lever Action of Muscles and Bones -- 9.7.Skeletal Muscle Disorders -- Muscle Cramps -- Hypocalcemic Tetany -- Muscular Dystrophy -- Myasthenia Gravis -- Section B Smooth and Cardiac Muscle -- 9.8.Structure of Smooth Muscle -- 9.9.Smooth Muscle Contraction and Its Control -- Cross-Bridge Activation -- Sources of Cytosolic Ca2+ -- Membrane Activation -- Types of Smooth Muscle -- 9.10.Cardiac Muscle -- Cellular Structure of Cardiac Muscle -- Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Cardiac Muscle -- Chapter 9 Clinical Case Study -- Assorted Assessment Questions -- Answers To Physiological Inquiry Questions -- 10.1.Motor Control Hierarchy -- Voluntary and Involuntary Actions -- 10.2.Local Control of Motor Neurons -- Interneurons -- Local Afferent Input -- 10.3.The Brain Motor Centers and the Descending Pathways They Control -- Cerebral Cortex -- Subcortical and Brainstem Nuclei -- Cerebellum -- Descending Pathways -- |
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Contents note continued: Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism -- Metabolism Summary -- 3.16.Essential Nutrients -- Vitamins -- Chapter 3 Clinical Case Study -- Assorted Assessment Questions -- Answers To Physiological Inquiry Questions -- 4.1.Diffusion -- Magnitude and Direction of Diffusion -- Diffusion Rate Versus Distance -- Diffusion Through Membranes -- 4.2.Mediated-Transport Systems -- Facilitated Diffusion -- Active Transport -- 4.3.Osmosis -- Extracellular Osmolarity and Cell Volume -- 4.4.Endocytosis and Exocytosis -- Endocytosis -- Exocytosis -- 4.5.Epithelial Transport -- Chapter 4 Clinical Case Study -- Assorted Assessment Questions -- Answers To Physiological Inquiry Questions -- 5.1.Receptors -- Types of Receptors -- Interactions Between Receptors and Ligands -- Regulation of Receptors -- 5.2.Signal Transduction Pathways -- Pathways Initiated by Lipid-Soluble Messengers -- Pathways Initiated by Water-Soluble Messengers -- Major Second Messengers -- Other Messengers -- |
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Contents note continued: Secondary Sex Characteristics and Growth -- Behavior -- Anabolic Steroid Use -- 17.10.Hypogonadism -- 17.11.Andropause -- Section C Female Reproductive Physiology -- 17.12.Anatomy -- 17.13.Ovarian Functions -- Oogenesis -- Follicle Growth -- Formation of the Corpus Luteum -- Sites of Synthesis of Ovarian Hormones -- 17.14.Control of Ovarian Function -- Follicle Development and Estrogen Synthesis During the Early and Middle Follicular Phases -- LH Surge and Ovulation -- The Luteal Phase -- 17.15.Uterine Changes in the Menstrual Cycle -- 17.16.Additional Effects of Gonadal Steroids -- 17.17.Puberty -- 17.18.Female Sexual Response -- 17.19.Pregnancy -- Egg Transport -- Intercourse, Sperm Transport, and Capacitation -- Fertilization -- Early Development, Implantation, and Placentation -- Hormonal and Other Changes During Pregnancy -- Parturition -- Lactation -- Contraception -- Infertility -- 17.20.Menopause -- Chapter 17 Clinical Case Study -- |
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Contents note continued: Section B The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland -- 11.8.Control Systems Involving the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland -- Posterior Pituitary Hormones -- Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones and the Hypothalamus -- Section C The Thyroid Gland -- 11.9.Synthesis of Thyroid Hormone -- 11.10.Control of Thyroid Function -- 11.11.Actions of Thyroid Hormone -- Metabolic Actions -- Permissive Actions -- Growth and Development -- 11.12.Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism -- Section D The Endocrine Response to Stress -- 11.13.Physiological Functions of Cortisol -- 11.14.Functions of Cortisol in Stress -- 11.15.Adrenal Insufficiency and Cushing's Syndrome -- 11.16.Other Hormones Released During Stress -- Section E Endocrine Control of Growth -- 11.17.Bone Growth -- 11.18.Environmental Factors Influencing Growth -- 11.19.Hormonal Influences on Growth -- Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factors -- Thyroid Hormone -- Insulin -- Sex Steroids -- Cortisol -- |
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Contents note continued: Section D Case Study of a College Student with Nausea, Flushing, and Sweating -- 19.19.Case Presentation -- 19.20.Physical Examination -- 19.21.Laboratory Tests -- 19.22.Diagnosis -- 19.23.Physiological Integration -- 19.24.Therapy |
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Contents note continued: Section F Endocrine Control of Ca2+ Homeostasis -- 11.20.Effector Sites for Ca2+ Homeostasis -- Bone -- Kidneys -- Gastrointestinal Tract -- 11.21.Hormonal Controls -- Parathyroid Hormone -- 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D -- Calcitonin -- 11.22.Metabolic Bone Diseases -- Hypercalcemia -- Hypocalcemia -- Chapter 11 Clinical Case Study -- Assorted Assessment Questions -- Answers To Physiological Inquiry Questions -- Section A Overview of the Circulatory System -- 12.1.Components of the Circulatory System -- Blood -- Plasma -- The Blood Cells -- Blood Flow -- Circulation -- 12.2.Pressure, Flow, and Resistance -- Section B The Heart -- 12.3.Anatomy -- Cardiac Muscle -- 12.4.Heartbeat Coordination -- Sequence of Excitation -- Cardiac Action Potentials and Excitation of the SA Node -- The Electrocardiogram -- Excitation-Contraction Coupling -- Refractory Period of the Heart -- 12.5.Mechanical Events of the Cardiac Cycle -- Mid-Diastole to Late Diastole -- Systole -- |
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Contents note continued: The Neural Basis of Learning and Memory -- 8.6.Cerebral Dominance and Language -- Chapter 8 Clinical Case Study -- Assorted Assessment Questions -- Answers To Physiological Inquiry Questions -- Section A Skeletal Muscle -- 9.1.Structure -- Cellular Structure -- Connective Tissue Structure -- Filament Structure -- Sarcomere Structure -- Other Myofibril Structures -- 9.2.Molecular Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Contraction -- Membrane Excitation: The Neuromuscular Junction -- Excitation-Contraction Coupling -- Sliding-Filament Mechanism -- 9.3.Mechanics of Single-Fiber Contraction -- Twitch Contractions -- Load-Velocity Relation -- Frequency-Tension Relation -- Length-Tension Relation -- 9.4.Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism -- Creatine Phosphate -- Oxidative Phosphorylation -- Glycolysis -- Muscle Fatigue -- 9.5.Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers -- 9.6.Whole-Muscle Contraction -- Control of Muscle Tension -- Control of Shortening Velocity -- |
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Contents note continued: Translation: Polypeptide Synthesis -- Regulation of Protein Synthesis -- Mutation -- 3.6.Protein Degradation -- 3.7.Protein Secretion -- Section C Interactions Between Proteins and Ligands -- 3.8.Binding Site Characteristics -- Chemical Specificity -- Affinity -- Saturation -- Competition -- 3.9.Regulation of Binding Site Characteristics -- Allosteric Modulation -- Covalent Modulation -- Section D Chemical Reactions and Enzymes -- 3.10.Chemical Reactions -- Determinants of Reaction Rates -- Reversible and Irreversible Reactions -- Law of Mass Action -- 3.11.Enzymes -- Cofactors -- 3.12.Regulation of Enzyme-Mediated Reactions -- Substrate Concentration -- Enzyme Concentration -- Enzyme Activity -- 3.13.Multienzyme Reactions -- Section E Metabolic Pathways -- 3.14.Cellular Energy Transfer -- Glycolysis -- Krebs Cycle -- Oxidative Phosphorylation -- 3.15.Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein Metabolism -- Carbohydrate Metabolism -- Fat Metabolism -- |
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Contents note continued: 6.9.Mechanisms of Neurotransmitter Release -- 6.10.Activation of the Postsynaptic Cell -- Binding of Neurotransmitters to Receptors -- Removal of Neurotransmitter from the Synapse -- Excitatory Chemical Synapses -- Inhibitory Chemical Synapses -- 6.11.Synaptic Integration -- 6.12.Synaptic Strength -- Presynaptic Mechanisms -- Postsynaptic Mechanisms -- Modification of Synaptic Transmission by Drugs and Disease -- 6.13.Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators -- Acetylcholine -- Biogenic Amines -- Amino Acid Neurotransmitters -- Neuropeptides -- Gases -- Purines -- 6.14.Neuroeffector Communication -- Section D Structure of the Nervous System -- 6.15.Central Nervous System: Brain -- Forebrain: The Cerebrum -- Forebrain: The Diencephalon -- Hindbrain: The Cerebellum -- Brainstem: The Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata -- 6.16.Central Nervous System: Spinal Cord -- 6.17.Peripheral Nervous System -- 6.18.Autonomic Nervous System -- |
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Machine generated contents note: 1.1.The Scope of Human Physiology -- 1.2.How Is the Body Organized? -- Muscle Cells and Tissue -- Neurons and Nervous Tissue -- Epithelial Cells and Epithelial Tissue -- Connective-Tissue Cells and Connective Tissue -- Organs and Organ Systems -- 1.3.Body Fluid Compartments -- 1.4.Homeostasis: A Defining Feature of Physiology -- 1.5.General Characteristics of Homeostatic Control Systems -- Feedback Systems -- Resetting of Set Points -- Feedforward Regulation -- 1.6.Components of Homeostatic Control Systems -- Reflexes -- Local Homeostatic Responses -- 1.7.The Role of Intercellular Chemical Messengers in Homeostasis -- 1.8.Processes Related to Homeostasis -- Adaptation and Acclimatization -- Biological Rhythms -- Balance of Chemical Substances in the Body -- 1.9.General Principles of Physiology -- Chapter 1 Clinical Case Study -- Assorted Assessment Questions -- Answers To Physiological Inquiry Questions -- 2.1.Atoms -- Components of Atoms -- |
| Summary |
The fundamental purpose of this textbook is to present the principles and facts of human physiology in a format that is suitable for undergraduates regardless of academic background or field of study |
| Notes |
Formerly CIP. Uk |
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Includes index |
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Previous edition: 2014 |
| Subject |
Human physiology.
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Physiological Phenomena.
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Biochemical Phenomena.
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| Author |
Raff, Hershel, 1953- author
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Strang, Kevin T., author
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Vander, Arthur J., 1933-
Human physiology
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| ISBN |
9781259294099 (hbk.) |
