| Description |
1 online resource (464 pages) : 100 illustrations |
| Contents |
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- About the Author -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 A Problem Solving Technique -- 1.1 Problem Scenario -- 1.2 Observations from Distribution Terminal Tank Records -- 1.3 Probable Cause of the Engine Shutdown -- 2 Refining Processes Used in Fuel Production -- 2.1 Distillation -- 2.2 Thermal Cracking -- 2.3 Visbreaking -- 2.4 Fluid Catalytic Cracking -- 2.5 Hydroprocessing -- 2.6 Catalytic Hydrocracking -- 2.7 Isomerization -- 2.8 Catalytic Polymerization -- 2.9 Catalytic Reforming -- 2.10 Alkylation -- 2.11 Coking -- 2.12 Finishing Processes -- 3 Critical Properties of Crude Oil and Common Hydrocarbon Fuels -- 3.1 Crude Oil -- 3.2 Gaseous Fuel Products -- 3.3 Automotive Spark Ignition Fuel -- 3.4 Aviation Gasoline -- 3.5 Aviation Turbine Fuel, Aviation Kerosene, or Jet Fuel -- 3.6 Diesel Fuel and Fuel Oil -- 3.7 Marine Fuels -- 3.8 Burner Fuels -- 3.9 Residual Fuel Oil -- 4 Sources of Fuel Performance Problems -- 4.1 Environmental Sources -- 4.2 Wax in Petroleum Products -- 4.3 Fuel Volatility -- 4.4 Diesel Fuel Cetane Number and Cetane Index -- 4.5 Hydroperoxides and Olefins -- 4.6 Microorganisms, Sediment, and Water -- 4.7 Catalyst Fines -- 4.8 Fuel Oxidation and Degradation Products -- 4.9 Seawater Contamination -- 4.10 Contaminants and Sediment in Lubricating Oil -- 5 Utilizing Physical and Chemical Property Measurements to Identify Sources of Fuel Problems -- 5.1 Distillation Profile -- 5.2 High Paraffin Content -- 5.3 High Aromatic Content -- 5.4 Sulfur Content -- 5.5 High Viscosity -- 5.6 Low Viscosity -- 5.7 High Carbon Residue Values -- 6 Solving Fuel Problems by Using Chemical Additives -- 6.1 Antioxidants -- 6.2 Distillate Fuel Stabilizers -- 6.3 Demulsifiers and Dehazers -- 6.4 Fuel Biocides -- 6.5 Wax Crystal Modifiers -- 6.6 Corrosion Inhibitors -- 6.7 Hydrogen Sulfide (H S) 2 and Sulfur Scavengers -- 6.8 Cetane Improver -- 6.9 Fuel Lubricity Improver -- 6.10 Fuel Deposit Control Additives -- 6.11 Problems Related to Fuel Additive Use -- 7 Test Methods Used to Identify and Solve Fuel Problems -- 7.1 Testing Storage Stability and Deposit Forming Tendency of Fuels -- 7.2 Testing Copper and Silver Corrosion Properties of Fuel |
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7.3 Testing the Ferrous Metal Corrosion Properties of Fuel -- 7.4 Testing the Emulsion Tendencies of Fuel -- 7.5 Testing the Low Temperature Performance Properties of Fuels -- 7.6 Cetane Number Testing -- 7.7 Hydrogen Sulfide and Mercaptan Determination -- 7.8 Additional Tests Used to Solve Fuel Problems -- 8 Identifying and Solving Specific Fuel Problems -- 8.1 Cold Temperature Problems -- 8.2 Corrosion Problems -- 8.3 Emulsion, Haze, or Particulate Contamination -- 8.4 Fuel Stability Problems -- 8.5 Hydrogen Sulfide Contamination Problems -- 9 Components of Fuel and Fuel Additive Storage and Injection Systems -- 9.1 Metals -- 9.2 Plastics and Elastomers -- 9.3 Chemical Storage and Injection Equipment -- 9.4 Vehicle Fuel Tanks -- 9.5 Diesel Fuel Filters -- 9.6 Diesel Fuel Injection Pumps -- 10 Safe Shipping and Hazard Information for Common Fuels, Oils, and Solvents -- 10.1 Hazardous Material Shipping Guidelines -- 10.2 Hazard Class Descriptions -- 11 Fuel Performance Property, Deposit Analysis, and Problem Solving Guide -- 11.1 Physical, Chemical, and Performance Property Guide -- 11.2 Deposit Analysis Guide -- 11.3 Fuel Problem Solving Guide -- 12 Synthetic and Alternative Fuels -- 12.1 Biomass -- 12.2 Synthesis Gas and Gas-to-Liquid Products -- 12.3 Oil Sands or Tar Sands -- 12.4 Gaseous Fuels -- 12.5 Additional Synthetic and Alternative Fuel Processes -- A1 Heat of Combustion of Fuels--Approximate Btu-Gravity Relation -- A2 Factors for Converting Volumes to 60°F -- A3 Reduction of Observed API Gravity to API Gravity at 60°F -- A4 Galvanic Series of Metals and Metal Alloys -- A5 Composition of Synthetic Seawater Utilized in ASTM D-665-B -- A6 Factors and Metal Densities Needed to Obtain ipy and mdd Corrosion Rates -- A7 Compatibility of Various Materials with Common Fuels and Solvents -- A8 Nomograph for Calculation of Cetane Improver Treatment from CI-0801 Additions -- A9 U.S. Energy Information, Annual Energy Review, September 2012 -- A10 Rating Scale for the Waring Blender and Multi-Contact Emulsion Tests -- Useful Terms and Definitions -- Useful Calculations, Conversions, and Equations -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z |
| Summary |
This fully updated, practical reference features comprehensive, easy-to find solutions for fuel-related problem |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Notes |
In English |
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E-Publication PDF |
| Subject |
Motor fuels.
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Fuel -- Testing.
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fuel.
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Fuel -- Testing.
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Motor fuels.
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| ISBN |
9780071848107 |
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007184810X |
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9780071848091 |
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0071848096 |
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