Title Translational biology in medicine : models from aging, muscle regeneration and infection / Monty Montano

Published Cambridge, UK : Woodhead Publishing, an imprint of Elsevier, ©2014

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Description 1 online resource (xix, 207 pages) : illustrations (some color) Series Woodhead Publishing series in biomedicine ; no. 71 Woodhead Publishing series in biomedicine ; no. 71. Contents 1. Introduction and overview of chapter contents -- 2. Model systems -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Immortalized cell lines -- 2.3. Primary cells obtained from the host -- 2.4. Animal models -- 2.5. Stem cells: adult and induced pluripotent -- 3. Blood biomarkers: overview of existing serum test strategies for disease severity, risk for progression, therapeutic benchmark targets -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Early definition of biomarkers -- 3.3. Initial biomarker discovery -- 3.4. Translation into animal models -- 3.5. Translation into small human populations -- 3.6. Application to larger, more generalizable populations -- 3.7. Biomarker measurement considerations -- 4. Genetic and genomic profiling -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Theories of heritability of disease risk and severity -- 4.3. Gene expression signatures -- 4.4. Examples of gene expression signatures -- 5. Translational models, methods and concepts in studies of aging and longevity -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Theories of aging -- 5.3. The here and now: the world is aging -- 5.4. Telomere length/activity in aging -- 5.5. Stem cell aging -- 5.6. Aging and muscle tissue regeneration -- 5.7. Immune aging and immunosenescence -- 5.8. The insulin/IGF1 signaling axis in aging -- 5.9. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and aging -- 5.10. Measurement of lifespan modulators -- 5.11. Factors influencing aging -- 6. Translational models, methods and concepts in studies of muscle tissue -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Muscle maintenance and regeneration -- 6.3. The role of satellite cell activity in aging and decline in muscle function -- 6.4. Muscle growth regulatory pathways -- 6.5. Sarcopenla and muscle maintenance -- 6.6. Functional limitations and therapeutic drug design -- 6.7. The TGFb1 axis -- 6.8. Inflammatory stress and muscle -- 6.9. Cachexia and muscle homeostasis -- 6.10. Anabolic effects of testosterone treatment -- 6.11. Use of high-throughput technologies with muscle to promote musculoskeletal growth -- 7. Translational models, methods and concepts in studies of acute and chronic infection -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. From HIV origins to the modern era -- 7.3. HIV infection and aging -- 7.4. HIV-1 infection and transmission -- 7.5. Infection and innate host response -- 7.6. HIV and adaptive host response -- 7.7. HIV-1 comorbid conditions -- 7.8. HIV and drugs -- 7.9. Infection-associated inflammation and aging promote fibrosis -- 7.10. Viral eradication studies -- 8. Bioethical considerations and institutional review board (IRB) challenges in translational study design and bioethical considerations In biomedical research -- 8.1. Institutional review boards -- 8.2. Institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC) -- 8.3. Big Data and the online privacy of health information -- 9. Concluding remarks and the future of personalized medicine -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Personalized medicine and aging -- 9.3. Personalized medicine and muscle maintenance -- 9.4. Personalized medicine and infectious diseases: HIV Summary The recent emphasis in biomedical research on translational biology and personalized medicine is revolutionizing conceptual and experimental approaches to understanding and improving human health. Translational Biology in Medicine begins with an introduction to experimental model systems for disease, such as cell lines, primary cells, stem cells and animal models for disease, followed by a systematic description of genetic and genomic profiling and biomarker validation currently used in biomedical research. Examples of translation studies that have used these models and methods are presented Notes Series numbering from title page. WPBIO 41 appears on spine "The recent emphasis in biomedical research on translational biology and personalized medicine is revolutionizing conceptual and experimental approaches to understanding and improving human health."--Back cover Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index Notes Print version record Subject Medicine, Experimental. Medical innovations. Genetic translation. Genetic regulation. Translational Research, Biomedical Biomedical Research Protein Biosynthesis Gene Expression Regulation HEALTH & FITNESS -- Diseases -- General. MEDICAL -- Clinical Medicine. MEDICAL -- Diseases. MEDICAL -- Evidence-Based Medicine. MEDICAL -- Internal Medicine. Genetic regulation Genetic translation Medical innovations Medicine, Experimental Form Electronic book ISBN 1322478767 9781322478760 9781908818652 1908818654

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