Title Basic feedback controls in biomedicine / Charles S. Lessard

Published Cham, Switzerland : Springer, ©2009

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Description 1 online resource (xii, 209 pages) : illustrations, digital, PDF file Series Synthesis lectures on biomedical engineering ; #27 Synthesis lectures on biomedical engineering (Online) ; #27. Contents Electrical system equations -- Kirchhoff 's laws -- A review of elements connected in series or in parallel -- Review of analogous quantities -- Review of source transformations -- Topological graph -- References -- Mechanical translation systems -- Example -- Example of a muscle model -- Summary -- References -- Mechanical rotational systems -- Example -- Gears -- Gear train example -- Electrical equivalent circuit -- Servomotors -- Armature control mode -- Field control mode -- References -- Thermal systems and systems representation -- Thermal systems -- Mercury thermometer example -- Example of the mercury thermometer with glass added -- System representation: the block diagram -- Block diagram example -- Control ratio or transfer function -- The characteristic equation -- Example block diagram of a motor control -- Transfer function equations for the servomotor example -- Signal flow graphs -- Signal flow diagram terminology -- Flow graph algebra -- Example of reduction -- References -- Characteristics and types of feedback control systems -- Stability of a linear system -- Routh's stability criterion -- Routhian array -- Example problem: Routhian array -- Solution -- Final solution -- Simplifying work -- Types of feedback systems -- Static error coefficients -- Steady-state error -- Example -- References -- Root locus -- Basic classical methods for analysis of control systems -- Root locus procedures -- Calibration of static loop sensitivity -- Rules for construction of the root locus -- Summary of root locus procedures -- Addition of poles and zeros -- References -- Frequency response analysis -- Steady-state frequency response -- Figures of merit used to measure system performance -- Relationship between the root locus and the frequency response -- Constant parameters on S plane -- Drawing the Bode plots -- Factors in log magnitude -- Deriving the transfer function from the log magnitude -- Summary -- References -- Stability and margins -- Nichols charts -- References -- Introduction to LabVIEW -- What is LabVIEW -- Environment -- Getting started -- Front panel -- Block diagram -- Controls and indicators -- Functions/controls palette -- Virtual instruments -- Data flow execution -- Running a VI -- LabVIEW resources -- Example finder -- Context help -- LabVIEW help -- Structures/programming constructs -- While loops -- For loops -- MathScript node -- Data structures -- Constants -- Arrays -- Clusters -- Graphs and charts -- Waveform graph -- Waveform chart -- What is the difference -- Summary -- Control design in LabVIEW -- Control design functions -- Continuous versus discrete models -- Model construction -- Constructing a transfer function graphically -- Constructing a transfer function with MathScript -- Model interconnection -- Series interconnection -- Parallel interconnection -- Feedback interconnection -- Model analysis -- Time response -- CD parametric time analysis -- Analyzing a step response -- Analyzing an impulse response -- Frequency response -- Review exercises -- Simulation in LabVIEW -- Simulation loop -- Creating a simulation loop -- Configuring a simulation -- Simulation parameters tab -- Timing parameters tab -- Generating simulation signals -- Displaying simulation output -- Implementing transfer functions -- LabVIEW control design and simulation exercise -- Construction of an open-loop block diagram -- Construction of closed-loop block diagram -- Reference -- LabVIEW controls tutorials -- Cardiac control -- Cardiac parameters -- Heart rate -- Stroke volume -- Cardiac output -- Contractility -- Preload and afterload -- Autonomic control -- Cardiac control diagram -- References -- Vestibular control system -- Physiology and anatomy -- Physiological basis for control -- Equilibrium and balance control system -- Interpretation of block diagram -- Block diagram of the vestibular control system -- Block diagram of the semicircular canal -- Block diagram of the otoliths -- Simulation of the control models in LabVIEW -- Transfer function of semicircular canals -- References -- Vestibulo-ocular control system -- Stimulus -- Response -- Normal performance -- Saccadic eye movements -- Smooth pursuit system -- Vestibulo-ocular reflex and vestibulo-collic (closed-loop VCR) reflexes -- Physiological pathways -- Special case -- Computational model -- Traditional model: Young and Stark model -- LabVIEW computational analysis with the Lisberger-Sejnowski VOR model -- Results of the LabVIEW analysis -- Summary -- References -- Gait and stance control system -- The hip -- The knee -- The ankle -- Overall system -- References -- Respiratory control system -- Pulmonary physiology -- Basics -- Method of ventilation control -- Gas laws -- Gas exchange at the alveoli -- Gas exchange in the lungs and tissues -- Gas exchange in the blood -- Conceptual model -- Mathematical model -- Additional assumptions -- Derivation of equations -- Inspiratory muscles -- Lungs -- Left heart -- Brain and tissue transport -- Body tissue -- Brain tissue -- Body and brain tissue venous return -- Central and peripheral chemoreceptors -- Right heart -- LabVIEW simulations -- References Summary This textbook is intended for undergraduate students (juniors or seniors) in Biomedical Engineering, with the main goal of helping these students learn about classical control theory and its application in physiological systems. In addition, students should be able to apply the Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) Controls and Simulation Modules to mammalian physiology. The first four chapters review previous work on differential equations for electrical and mechanical systems. Chapters 5 through 8 present the general types and characteristics of feedback control systems and foot locus, frequency response, and analysis of stability and margins. Chapters 9 through 12 cover basic LabVIEW programming, the control module with its pallets, and the simulation module with its pallets. Chapters 13 through 17 present various physiological models with several LabVIEW control analyses. These chapters cover control of the heart (heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output), the vestibular system and its role in governing equilibrium and perceived orientation, vestibulo-ocular reflex in stabilizing an image on the surface of the retina during head movement, mechanical control models of human gait (walking movement), and the respiratory control model. The latter chapters (Chapters 13-17) combine details from my class lecture notes in regard to the application of LabVIEW control programming by the class to produce the control virtual instruments and graphical displays (root locus, Bode plots, and Nyquist plot). This textbook was developed in cooperation with National Instruments personnel Notes Title from PDF title page (viewed Apr 8, 2009) Bibliography Includes bibliographical references Subject Biological control systems. Scientific apparatus and instruments -- Computer simulation SCIENCE -- Life Sciences -- Anatomy & Physiology. Biological control systems Scientific apparatus and instruments -- Computer simulation Form Electronic book ISBN 9781598299519 1598299514 9783031016349 3031016343

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