Sect. 1. Basic optical structure of the human eye -- 1. The human eye: an overview -- 2. Refracting components: cornea and lens -- 3. The pupil -- 4. Axes of the eye -- 5. Paraxial schematic eyes -- Sect. 2. Image formation and refraction -- 6. Image formation: the focused paraxial image -- 7. Refractive anomalies -- 8. Measuring refractive errors -- 9. Image formation: the defocused paraxial image -- 10. Some optical effects of ophthalmic lenses -- Sect. 3. Light and the eye -- 11. Light and the eye: introduction -- 12. Passage of light into the eye -- 13. Light level at the retina -- 14. Light interaction with the fundus -- Sect. 4. Aberrations and retinal image quality -- 15. Monochromatic aberrations -- 16. Monochromatic aberrations of schematic eyes -- 17. Chromatic aberrations -- 18. Retinal image quality -- Sect. 5. Miscellaneous -- 19. Depth-of-field -- 20. The aging eye -- A1. Paraxial optics -- A2. Introduction to aberration theory -- A3. Schematic eyes -- A4. Calculation of PSF and OTF from aberrations of an optical system