| Description |
xix, 1130 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm |
| Series |
McGraw-Hill series in aeronautical and aerospace engineering |
|
McGraw-Hill series in aeronautical and aerospace engineering.
|
| Contents |
Contents note continued: 12.4.Viscous Flow: Supersonic Airfoil Drag -- 12.5.Summary -- 12.6.Problems -- ch. 13 Introduction to Numerical Techniques for Nonlinear Supersonic Flow -- 13.1.Introduction: Philosophy of Computational Fluid Dynamics -- 13.2.Elements of the Method of Characteristics -- 13.2.1.Internal Points -- 13.2.2.Wall Points -- 13.3.Supersonic Nozzle Design -- 13.4.Elements of Finite-Difference Methods -- 13.4.1.Predictor Step -- 13.4.2.Corrector Step -- 13.5.The Time-Dependent Technique: Application to Supersonic Blunt Bodies -- 13.5.1.Predictor Step -- 13.5.2.Corrector Step -- 13.6.Flow over Cones -- 13.6.1.Physical Aspects of Conical Flow -- 13.6.2.Quantitative Formulation -- 13.6.3.Numerical Procedure -- 13.6.4.Physical Aspects of Supersonic Flow over Cones -- 13.7.Summary -- 13.8.Problem -- ch. 14 Elements of Hypersonic Flow -- 14.1.Introduction -- 14.2.Qualitative Aspects of Hypersonic Flow -- 14.3.Newtonian Theory -- 14.4.The Lift and Drag of Wings at Hypersonic Speeds: Newtonian Results for a Flat Plate at Angle of Attack -- 14.4.1.Accuracy Considerations -- 14.5.Hypersonic Shock-Wave Relations and Another Look at Newtonian Theory -- 14.6.Mach Number Independence -- 14.7.Hypersonics and Computational Fluid Dynamics -- 14.8.Hypersonic Viscous Flow: Aerodynamic Heating -- 14.8.1.Aerodynamic Heating and Hypersonic Flow-The Connection -- 14.8.2.Blunt Versus Slender Bodies in Hypersonic Flow -- 14.8.3.Aerodynamic Heating to a Blunt Body -- 14.9.Applied Hypersonic Aerodynamics: Hypersonic Waveriders -- 14.9.1.Viscous-Optimized Waveriders -- 14.10.Summary -- 14.11.Problems -- ch. 15 Introduction to the Fundamental Principles and Equations of Viscous Flow -- 15.1.Introduction -- 15.2.Qualitative Aspects of Viscous Flow -- 15.3.Viscosity and Thermal Conduction -- 15.4.The Navier-Stokes Equations -- 15.5.The Viscous Flow Energy Equation -- 15.6.Similarity Parameters -- 15.7.Solutions of Viscous Flows: A Preliminary Discussion -- 15.8.Summary -- 15.9.Problems -- ch. 16 A Special Case: Couette Flow -- 16.1.Introduction -- 16.2.Couette Flow: General Discussion -- 16.3.Incompressible (Constant Property) Couette Flow -- 16.3.1.Negligible Viscous Dissipation -- 16.3.2.Equal Wall Temperatures -- 16.3.3.Adiabatic Wall Conditions (Adiabatic Wall Temperature) -- 16.3.4.Recovery Factor -- 16.3.5.Reynolds Analogy -- 16.3.6.Interim Summary -- 16.4.Compressible Couette Flow -- 16.4.1.Shooting Method -- 16.4.2.Time-Dependent Finite-Difference Method -- 16.4.3.Results for Compressible Couette Flow -- 16.4.4.Some Analytical Considerations -- 16.5.Summary -- ch. 17 Introduction to Boundary Layers -- 17.1.Introduction -- 17.2.Boundary-Layer Properties -- 17.3.The Boundary-Layer Equations -- 17.4.How Do We Solve the Boundary-Layer Equations? -- 17.5.Summary -- ch. 18 Laminar Boundary Layers -- 18.1.Introduction -- 18.2.Incompressible Flow over a Flat Plate: The Blasius Solution -- 18.3.Compressible Flow over a Flat Plate -- 18.3.1.A Comment on Drag Variation with Velocity -- 18.4.The Reference Temperature Method -- 18.4.1.Recent Advances: The Meador-Smart Reference Temperature Method -- 18.5.Stagnation Point Aerodynamic Heating -- 18.6.Boundary Layers over Arbitrary Bodies: Finite-Difference Solution -- 18.6.1.Finite-Difference Method -- 18.7.Summary -- 18.8.Problems -- ch. 19 Turbulent Boundary Layers -- 19.1.Introduction -- 19.2.Results for Turbulent Boundary Layers on a Flat Plate -- 19.2.1.Reference Temperature Method for Turbulent Flow -- 19.2.2.The Meador-Smart Reference Temperature Method for Turbulent Flow -- 19.2.3.Prediction of Airfoil Drag -- 19.3.Turbulence Modeling -- 19.3.1.The Baldwin-Lomax Model -- 19.4.Final Comments -- 19.5.Summary -- 19.6.Problems -- ch. 20 Navier-Stokes Solutions: Some Examples -- 20.1.Introduction -- 20.2.The Approach -- 20.3.Examples of Some Solutions -- 20.3.1.Flow over a Rearward-Facing Step -- 20.3.2.Flow over an Airfoil -- 20.3.3.Flow over a Complete Airplane -- 20.3.4.Shock-Wave/Boundary-Layer Interaction -- 20.3.5.Flow over an Airfoil with a Protuberance -- 20.4.The Issue of Accuracy for the Prediction of Skin Friction Drag -- 20.5.Summary |
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Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Aerodynamics: Some Introductory Thoughts -- 1.1.Importance of Aerodynamics: Historical Examples -- 1.2.Aerodynamics: Classification and Practical Objectives -- 1.3.Road Map for This Chapter -- 1.4.Some Fundamental Aerodynamic Variables -- 1.4.1.Units -- 1.5.Aerodynamic Forces and Moments -- 1.6.Center of Pressure -- 1.7.Dimensional Analysis: The Buckingham Pi Theorem -- 1.8.Flow Similarity -- 1.9.Fluid Statics: Buoyancy Force -- 1.10.Types of Flow -- 1.10.1.Continuum Versus Free Molecule Flow -- 1.10.2.Inviscid Versus Viscous Flow -- 1.10.3.Incompressible Versus Compressible Flows -- 1.10.4.Mach Number Regimes -- 1.11.Viscous Flow: Introduction to Boundary Layers -- 1.12.Applied Aerodynamics: The Aerodynamic Coefficients-Their Magnitudes and Variations -- 1.13.Historical Note: The Illusive Center of Pressure -- 1.14.Historical Note: Aerodynamic Coefficients -- 1.15.Summary -- 1.16.Integrated Work Challenge: Forward-Facing Axial Aerodynamic Force on an Airfoil-Can It Happen and, If So, How? -- 1.17.Problems -- ch. 2 Aerodynamics: Some Fundamental Principles and Equations -- 2.1.Introduction and Road Map -- 2.2.Review of Vector Relations -- 2.2.1.Some Vector Algebra -- 2.2.2.Typical Orthogonal Coordinate Systems -- 2.2.3.Scalar and Vector Fields -- 2.2.4.Scalar and Vector Products -- 2.2.5.Gradient of a Scalar Field -- 2.2.6.Divergence of a Vector Field -- 2.2.7.Curl of a Vector Field -- 2.2.8.Line Integrals -- 2.2.9.Surface Integrals -- 2.2.10.Volume Integrals -- 2.2.11.Relations Between Line, Surface, and Volume Integrals -- 2.2.12.Summary -- 2.3.Models of the Fluid: Control Volumes and Fluid Elements -- 2.3.1.Finite Control Volume Approach -- 2.3.2.Infinitesimal Fluid Element Approach -- 2.3.3.Molecular Approach -- 2.3.4.Physical Meaning of the Divergence of Velocity -- 2.3.5.Specification of the Flow Field -- 2.4.Continuity Equation -- 2.5.Momentum Equation -- 2.6.An Application of the Momentum Equation: Drag of a Two-Dimensional Body -- 2.6.1.Comment -- 2.7.Energy Equation -- 2.8.Interim Summary -- 2.9.Substantial Derivative -- 2.10.Fundamental Equations in Terms of the Substantial Derivative -- 2.11.Pathlines, Streamlines, and Streaklines of a Flow -- 2.12.Angular Velocity, Vorticity, and Strain -- 2.13.Circulation -- 2.14.Stream Function -- 2.15.Velocity Potential -- 2.16.Relationship Between the Stream Function and Velocity Potential -- 2.17.How Do We Solve the Equations? -- 2.17.1.Theoretical (Analytical) Solutions -- 2.17.2.Numerical Solutions-Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) -- 2.17.3.The Bigger Picture -- 2.18.Summary -- 2.19.Problems -- ch. 3 Fundamentals of Inviscid, Incompressible Flow -- 3.1.Introduction and Road Map -- 3.2.Bernoulli's Equation -- 3.3.Incompressible Flow in a Duct: The Venturi and Low-Speed Wind Tunnel -- 3.4.Pitot Tube: Measurement of Airspeed -- 3.5.Pressure Coefficient -- 3.6.Condition on Velocity for Incompressible Flow -- 3.7.Governing Equation for Irrotational, Incompressible Flow: Laplace's Equation -- 3.7.1.Infinity Boundary Conditions -- 3.7.2.Wall Boundary Conditions -- 3.8.Interim Summary -- 3.9.Uniform Flow: Our First Elementary Flow -- 3.10.Source Flow: Our Second Elementary Flow -- 3.11.Combination of a Uniform Flow with a Source and Sink -- 3.12.Doublet Flow: Our Third Elementary Flow -- 3.13.Nonlifting Flow over a Circular Cylinder -- 3.14.Vortex Flow: Our Fourth Elementary Flow -- 3.15.Lifting Flow over a Cylinder -- 3.16.The Kutta-Joukowski Theorem and the Generation of Lift -- 3.17.Nonlifting Flows over Arbitrary Bodies: The Numerical Source Panel Method -- 3.18.Applied Aerodynamics: The Flow over a Circular Cylinder-The Real Case -- 3.19.Historical Note: Bernoulli and Euler-The Origins of Theoretical Fluid Dynamics -- 3.20.Historical Note: d'Alembert and His Paradox -- 3.21.Summary -- 3.22.Integrated Work Challenge: Relation Between Aerodynamic Drag and the Loss of Total Pressure in the Flow Field -- 3.23.Integrated Work Challenge: Conceptual Design of a Subsonic Wind Tunnel -- 3.24.Problems -- ch. 4 Incompressible Flow over Airfoils -- 4.1.Introduction -- 4.2.Airfoil Nomenclature -- 4.3.Airfoil Characteristics -- 4.4.Philosophy of Theoretical Solutions for Low-Speed Flow over Airfoils: The Vortex Sheet -- 4.5.The Kutta Condition -- 4.5.1.Without Friction Could We Have Lift? -- 4.6.Kelvin's Circulation Theorem and the Starting Vortex -- 4.7.Classical Thin Airfoil Theory: The Symmetric Airfoil -- 4.8.The Cambered Airfoil -- 4.9.The Aerodynamic Center: Additional Considerations -- 4.10.Lifting Flows over Arbitrary Bodies: The Vortex Panel Numerical Method -- 4.11.Modem Low-Speed Airfoils -- 4.12.Viscous Flow: Airfoil Drag -- 4.12.1.Estimating Skin-Friction Drag: Laminar Flow -- 4.12.2.Estimating Skin-Friction Drag: Turbulent Flow -- 4.12.3.Transition -- 4.12.4.Flow Separation -- 4.12.5.Comment -- 4.13.Applied Aerodynamics: The Flow over an Airfoil-The Real Case -- 4.14.Historical Note: Early Airplane Design and the Role of Airfoil Thickness -- 4.15.Historical Note: Kutta, Joukowski, and the Circulation Theory of Lift -- 4.16.Summary -- 4.17.Integrated Work Challenge: Wall Effects on Measurements Made in Subsonic Wind Tunnels -- 4.18.Problems -- ch. 5 Incompressible Flow over Finite Wings -- 5.1.Introduction: Downwash and Induced Drag -- 5.2.The Vortex Filament, the Biot-Savart Law, and Helmholtz's Theorems -- 5.3.Prandtl's Classical Lifting-Line Theory -- 5.3.1.Elliptical Lift Distribution -- 5.3.2.General Lift Distribution -- 5.3.3.Effect of Aspect Ratio -- 5.3.4.Physical Significance -- 5.4.A Numerical Nonlinear Lifting-Line Method -- 5.5.The Lifting-Surface Theory and the Vortex Lattice Numerical Method -- 5.6.Applied Aerodynamics: The Delta Wing -- 5.7.Historical Note: Lanchester and Prandtl-The Early Development of Finite-Wing Theory -- 5.8.Historical Note: Prandtl-The Man -- 5.9.Summary -- 5.10.Problems -- ch. 6 Three-Dimensional Incompressible Flow -- 6.1.Introduction -- 6.2.Three-Dimensional Source -- 6.3.Three-Dimensional Doublet -- 6.4.Flow over a Sphere -- 6.4.1.Comment on the Three-Dimensional Relieving Effect -- 6.5.General Three-Dimensional Flows: Panel Techniques -- 6.6.Applied Aerodynamics: The Flow over a Sphere-The Real Case -- 6.7.Applied Aerodynamics: Airplane Lift and Drag -- 6.7.1.Airplane Lift -- 6.7.2.Airplane Drag -- 6.7.3.Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics for the Calculation of Lift and Drag -- 6.8.Summary -- 6.9.Problems -- ch. 7 Compressible Flow: Some Preliminary Aspects -- 7.1.Introduction -- 7.2.A Brief Review of Thermodynamics -- 7.2.1.Perfect Gas -- 7.2.2.Internal Energy and Enthalpy -- 7.2.3.First Law of Thermodynamics -- 7.2.4.Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics -- 7.2.5.Isentropic Relations -- 7.3.Definition of Compressibility -- 7.4.Governing Equations for Inviscid, Compressible Flow -- 7.5.Definition of Total (Stagnation) Conditions -- 7.6.Some Aspects of Supersonic Flow: Shock Waves -- 7.7.Summary -- 7.8.Problems -- ch. 8 Normal Shock Waves and Related Topics -- 8.1.Introduction -- 8.2.The Basic Normal Shock Equations -- 8.3.Speed of Sound -- 8.3.1.Comments -- 8.4.Special Forms of the Energy Equation -- 8.5.When Is a Flow Compressible? -- 8.6.Calculation of Normal Shock-Wave Properties -- 8.6.1.Comment on the Use of Tables to Solve Compressible Flow Problems -- 8.7.Measurement of Velocity in a Compressible Flow -- 8.7.1.Subsonic Compressible Flow -- 8.7.2.Supersonic Flow -- 8.8.Summary -- 8.9.Problems -- ch |
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9 Oblique Shock and Expansion Waves -- 9.1.Introduction -- 9.2.Oblique Shock Relations -- 9.3.Supersonic Flow over Wedges and Cones -- 9.3.1.A Comment on Supersonic Lift and Drag Coefficients -- 9.4.Shock Interactions and Reflections -- 9.5.Detached Shock Wave in Front of a Blunt Body -- 9.5.1.Comment on the Flow Field Behind a Curved Shock Wave: Entropy Gradients and Vorticity -- 9.6.Prandtl-Meyer Expansion Waves -- 9.7.Shock-Expansion Theory: Applications to Supersonic Airfoils -- 9.8.A Comment on Lift and Drag Coefficients -- 9.9.The X-15 and Its Wedge Tail -- 9.10.Viscous Flow: Shock-Wave/ Boundary-Layer Interaction -- 9.11.Historical Note: Ernst Mach-A Biographical Sketch -- 9.12.Summary -- 9.13.Integrated Work Challenge: Relation Between Supersonic Wave Drag and Entropy Increase-Is There a Relation? -- 9.14.Integrated Work Challenge: The Sonic Boom -- 9.15.Problems -- ch. 10 Compressible Flow Through Nozzles, Diffusers, and Wind Tunnels -- 10.1.Introduction -- 10.2.Governing Equations for Quasi-One-Dimensional Flow -- 10.3.Nozzle Flows -- 10.3.1.More on Mass Flow -- 10.4.Diffusers -- 10.5.Supersonic Wind Tunnels -- 10.6.Viscous Flow: Shock-Wave/ Boundary-Layer Interaction Inside Nozzles -- 10.7.Summary -- 10.8.Integrated Work Challenge: Conceptual Design of a Supersonic Wind Tunnel -- 10.9.Problems -- ch. 11 Subsonic Compressible Flow over Airfoils: Linear Theory -- 11.1.Introduction -- 11.2.The Velocity Potential Equation -- 11.3.The Linearized Velocity Potential Equation -- 11.4.Prandtl-Glauert Compressibility Correction -- 11.5.Improved Compressibility Corrections -- 11.6.Critical Mach Number -- 11.6.1.A Comment on the Location of Minimum Pressure (Maximum Velocity) -- 11.7.Drag-Divergence Mach Number: The Sound Barrier -- 11.8.The Area Rule -- 11.9.The Supercritical Airfoil -- 11.10.CFD Applications: Transonic Airfoils and Wings -- 11.11.Applied Aerodynamics: The Blended Wing Body -- 11.12.Historical Note: High-Speed Airfoils-Early Research and Development -- 11.13.Historical Note: The Origin of the Swept-Wing Concept -- 11.14.Historical Note: Richard T. Whitcomb-Architect of the Area Rule and the Supercritical Wing -- 11.15.Summary -- 11.16.Integrated Work Challenge: Transonic Testing by the Wing-Flow Method -- 11.17.Problems -- ch. 12 Linearized Supersonic Flow -- 12.1.Introduction -- 12.2.Derivation of the Linearized Supersonic Pressure Coefficient Formula -- 12.3.Application to Supersonic Airfoils -- |
| Summary |
Offering an up-to-date overview of the field of aerodynamics, this edition covers many of the key concepts and topics, such as linearized supersonic flow and oblique shock and expansion waves |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Subject |
Aerodynamics.
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| LC no. |
2015040997 |
| ISBN |
1259129918 |
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9781259129919 |
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