| Description |
1 online resource (xx, 433 pages) : illustrations, maps |
| Contents |
Figures; Tables; Preface; Further Acknowledgments; one Glass as a Material; 1.1 Glass as a Material; 1.2 The Formation of Glass: Of Volcanic Glass, Asteroids, Slags and Scums; 1.3 Production of the First Glasses; 1.4 The First Glass: A Paradigm Shift?; 1.4.1 Glazed Steatite, Egyptian Blue and Faience; 1.5 Evidence of Production Sites; 1.6 Conclusions; Two Ways to Flux Silica; 2.1 Glass Raw Materials; 2.2 Halophytic Plant Ashes; 2.2.1 Occurrence and Range of Types; 2.2.2 Technological Considerations; 2.2.3 Chemical Analyses of Plant Ashes |
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2.2.3.1 The Choice of Scientific Techniques for the Analysis of Plant Ashes2.2.3.2 Turners Research; 2.2.3.3 Brills Work; 2.2.3.4 Other and More Recent Research; 2.3 Major Elemental Compositions of Syrian Halophytic Plants and the Implications for Ancient Glass Production; 2.3.1 A Relationship between Halophytic Plant Ash Compositions and Plant Species?; 2.3.2 Glass Coloration and Halophytic Plant Ashes; 2.3.3 Alkali Levels in Halophytic Plants; 2.3.4 Calcium Levels in Halophytic Plants; 2.4 Forest Plant ash Compositions; 2.5 Natron; 2.6 Reh and Oos; 2.7 Nephaline; 2.8 Conclusions |
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Three Silica, Lime and Glass Colourants3.1 Silica; 3.2 Calcium and Aluminium; 3.3 Colourants and Opacifiers; 3.3.1 What Causes Glass Colour?; 3.3.2 The Use of Colourant Materials; 3.3.2.1 Cobalt Coloration in Glass; 3.3.2.2 Manganese-Coloured Glass; 3.3.2.3 Copper- and Gold-Coloured Translucent Glasses; 3.3.3 Decolorised Glass; 3.3.4 Glass Opacification; 3.4 Conclusions; Four Glass Chemical Compositions; 4.1 The Middle East and Europe c. 2500 b.c.-a.d. 1700; 4.1.1 Plant Ash Glasses c. 2500-c. 800 B.C.; A.D. 800-1700 |
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4.1.2 Mixed-Alkali Glass and Its Compositional Variations (c. 1100-c.750 B.C.); 4.1.3 The Transition from Plant Ash Glass to Natron Glass, c. A.D. 800; 4.1.4 Natron Glasses c. 800 B.C.-c. A.D. 800; 4.1.5 The Demise of Natron Glass Technology: The -Reintroduction' of Plant Ash Glass Technology from c. A.D. 800 in the Middle East; 4.1.6 The Demise of Natron Glass Technology: From Natron Glass to Wood Ash Glass North of the Alps; 4.1.7 Wood Ash Glasses and the Use of Other Alkali-Rich Plants (c. A.D. 800-1700); 4.1.8 Lead Oxide-Silica Glass in the West; 4.2 India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka |
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4.2.1 The Compositional Types4.2.2 Soda-Alumina Glass: Technology and Trade (Beads and Bangles); 4.3 Africa and Madagascar; 4.3.1 The Compositional Types; 4.3.2 High Lime-High Alumina Glass; 4.4 China and Southeast Asia; 4.4.1 The Compositional Types; 4.4.2 Lead-Barium Oxide Glasses; 4.4.3 Potassium-Silica Glasses; 4.4.4 Potassium-Lime Glasses; 4.4.5 Lead-Potassium and Lead-Soda Glasses; 4.4.6 Mixed-Alkali Glasses in Southeast Asia; 4.4.7 Lead Oxide-Silica Glasses; Five Early Glass in the Middle East and Europe |
| Summary |
"This book provides an integrated interdisciplinary approach to the study of a complex and fascinating ancient material. A variety of aspects of ancient glass is discussed including principally archaeology, history, chemical analysis, materials science, geology and botany. The aims of the book are to explore these aspects by using a combination of focused studies and case studies in a variety of ancient and historical periods. Each case study, in Bronze Age Mesopotamia, Late Hellenistic-early Roman Middle East and the Islamic world, has been selected so as to incorporate contrasting social, political, economic and ritual contexts in which glass was manufactured, traded and used. These contrasting characteristics of societies therefore influenced the ways in which glass fitted into society: the ways in which it was manufactured and used. The relationships between production, trade and use of ancient materials including glass are complex. The scale of production involving a range of facilities and critical combinations of raw materials from a variety of sources were characteristic of the specific society and their ideologies. Each step in the chan̋e oppřatoire involved decisions, each with a social impact and significance leading to the manufacture of glass artefacts characteristic of that society. The control over each aspect of production was a reflection of the degree of social hierarchy, (perhaps involving social elites) and complexity at the time"-- Provided by publisher |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references (pages 381-423) and index |
| Notes |
Print version record |
| Subject |
Glassware, Ancient.
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Glassware, Classical.
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Glass manufacture -- History
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SOCIAL SCIENCE -- Archaeology.
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CRAFTS & HOBBIES -- Glass & Glassware.
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Glass manufacture
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Glassware, Ancient
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Glassware, Classical
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| Genre/Form |
History
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| ISBN |
9781139624954 |
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1139624954 |
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9781139021883 |
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1139021885 |
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9781139615655 |
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1139615653 |
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9781139611930 |
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1139611933 |
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9781107551909 |
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1107551900 |
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