| Description |
1 online resource (275 pages) |
| Contents |
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Cells and Organs of the Immune System -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Origin of Immune Cells -- 1.3 Cells of the Immune System -- 1.4 Cells of the Myeloid Lineage: First Line of Defence -- 1.4.1 Neutrophils -- 1.4.2 Basophils -- 1.4.3 Mast Cells -- 1.4.4 Eosinophils -- 1.4.5 Mononuclear Phagocytes -- 1.4.6 Dendritic Cells -- 1.4.7 Erythrocytes and Platelets -- 1.4.8 Blood Clotting (Coagulation) -- 1.5 Cellsof the Lymphoid Lineage: Specific and Long-lasting Immunity -- 1.5.1 T Cells -- 1.5.2 Natural Killer Cells -- 1.5.3 B Cells -- 1.6 Lymphoid Tissues and Organs -- 1.6.1 Primary Lymphoid Organs -- 1.6.2 Secondary Lymphoid Organs -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2 Oral Immune System -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Mucosa -- 2.2.1 Microbiome of the Oral Cavity -- 2.2.2 Mucosal Immunity at the Epithelium -- 2.2.3 Immune Cells in the Epithelium -- 2.3 Gingiva -- 2.3.1 Gingival Crevicular Fluid -- 2.4 Lamina Propria -- 2.5 Oral Tolerance -- 2.6 Submucosa -- 2.7 Saliva and Salivary Glands -- 2.7.1 Immunity in Salivary Glands -- 2.8 Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue -- 2.8.1 Tonsil Immunity -- 2.9 Lymph Nodes and the Lymphatic System -- 2.9.1 Lymph Node Immunity -- 2.10 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Mechanisms of Immune Responses -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Innate Immune Mechanisms -- 3.2.1 Preventing Entry Using Anatomical and Physiological Barriers -- 3.2.2 Non-specific Recognition and Defence against Harmful Agents -- 3.2.3 Pattern Recognition -- 3.2.4 Complement Activation -- 3.2.5 Inflammation -- 3.2.6 Phagocytosis -- 3.2.7 Target Cell Lysis -- 3.3 AdaptiveImmune Mechanisms -- 3.3.1 Specificity -- 3.3.2 Division of Labour -- 3.3.3 Immunological Memory -- 3.3.4 Diversity -- 3.3.5 Tolerance |
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3.4 Key Molecules and Interactions in Adaptive Immune Mechanisms -- 3.4.1 Antigen -- 3.4.2 Antibody -- 3.4.3 Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules -- 3.4.4 T-cell Receptor -- 3.4.5 B-cell Receptor -- 3.5 Comparison Between Innate and Adaptive Immune Mechanisms -- 3.6 Immune Deficiencies -- Further Reading -- Chapter 4 Immune Responses in Wound Healing of Oral Tissues -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Types of Oral Tissues -- 4.3 Categories of Oral Tissue Injury -- 4.4 Stages of Wound Healing -- 4.4.1 Haemostasis Phase -- 4.4.2 Inflammation Phase -- 4.4.3 Proliferation Phase -- 4.4.4 Tissue Remodelling -- 4.5 Roleof Leucocytes in Wound Healing -- 4.5.1 Neutrophils -- 4.5.2 Macrophages -- 4.6 Spectrum of Wound Healing in the Oral Cavity -- Recommended Reading Lists -- Chapter 5 Stem Cell Immunology -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 General Characteristics of Stem Cells -- 5.3 Types of Stem Cells -- 5.4 Immunology of Stem Cells -- 5.4.1 Immunogenicity and Immunomodulatory Effects of Stem Cells -- 5.4.2 Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Dendritic Cells/Monocytes/Macrophages -- 5.4.3 Mesenchymal Stem Cells and T Cells -- 5.4.4 Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Natural Killer Cells -- 5.4.5 Mesenchymal Stem Cells and B cells -- 5.5 Mesenchymal Stem Cell Growth Factors -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Trace Elements in Oral Immunology -- 6.1 Minerals and Trace Elements -- 6.2 Homeostasis of Trace Elements and Immunity -- 6.3 Effects of Minerals and Trace Elements on Immune Response -- 6.3.1 Selenium (Se) -- 6.3.2 Iron (Fe) -- 6.3.3 Manganese (Mn) -- 6.3.4 Copper (Cu) -- 6.3.5 Zinc (Zn) -- 6.3.6 Fluoride (F) -- 6.4 Trace Elements and Immunity of the Oral Cavity -- 6.4.1 Trace Elements in Periodontal Disease -- 6.4.2 Trace Elements in Caries -- 6.4.3 Trace Elements in Oral Malignancy -- 6.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Oral Microbiome and Oral Cancer |
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7.1 Definition of the Oral Microbiome -- 7.2 Biological Evolution of the Oral Microbiome -- 7.3 Acquiring the Oral Microbiome -- 7.4 Oral Biofilm or Dental Plaque -- 7.4.1 Initiation Phase of Oral Biofilm Formation -- 7.4.2 Progression Phase of Oral Biofilm Formation -- 7.4.3 Establishment Phase of Oral Biofilm Formation -- 7.4.4 Microbial Diversity of Oral Biofilms -- 7.5 Oral Cancer -- 7.5.1 Oral Carcinogenes is in Brief -- 7.5.2 Global Burden of Oral Cancer -- 7.6 Oral Microbiome as a Biomarker in Oral Cancer -- 7.7 Aetiological Factors of Oral Cancer -- 7.7.1 Tobacco smoking -- 7.7.2 Smokeless Tobacco -- 7.7.3 Areca Nut and Areca Nut-based Products -- 7.7.4 Slaked Lime -- 7.7.5 Alcohol Consumption -- 7.7.6 Human Papilloma Virus -- 7.8 Predisposing Factors for Oral Cancer -- 7.8.1 Genetic Susceptibility -- 7.8.2 Dietary Micronutrient Deficiencies -- 7.8.3 Immunosuppression -- 7.8.4 Age -- 7.8.5 Socioeconomic Factors -- 7.9 RiskFactors for Oral Cancer -- 7.9.1 Exposure to Excessive Solar Radiation and UV Light -- 7.9.2 Sulfur Dioxide, Pesticides, Aerosols from Strong Inorganic Acids -- 7.9.3 Indoor Air Pollution -- 7.9.4 Infection, Inflammation and Periodontitis -- 7.10 Mechanism of Carcinogenes is of Known Oral Carcinogens -- 7.10.1 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- 7.10.2 Nicotine-derived Nitrosamine Ketone (NNK) and N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) -- 7.10.3 Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species -- 7.10.4 Acetaldehyde -- 7.10.5 HPV Oncoproteins -- 7.11 Oral Bacteria and Immunological Tolerance -- 7.12 Oral Bacterial Synergy and Dysbiosis in Inflammatory Diseases -- 7.13 Oral Bacterial Synergy and Dysbiosis in Oral Cancer -- 7.14 Role of Bacteria in Oral Carcinogenesis -- 7.14.1 Direct Influence of Bacteria in Oral Carcinogenesis -- 7.14.2 Indirect Influence of Bacteria in Oral Carcinogenesis -- 7.15 Role of Viruses in Oral Carcinogenesis |
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7.15.1 Human Herpes Viruses Associated with Oral Cancer -- 7.15.2 Cytomegalovirus -- 7.16 Role of Fungi in Oral Cancer -- 7.16.1 Oral Mycobiome in Health and Disease -- 7.17 Association and Causation -- 7.18 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 Oral Microbiome and Periodontitis -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Dental Biofilm -- 8.2.1 Structure and Function of the Dental Biofilm -- 8.2.2 Changes in Dental Biofilm from Health to Disease -- 8.3 Microbial Diagnostic Methods -- 8.3.1 Human Microbiome Project -- 8.4 Microbes in Health and Periodontitis -- 8.4.1 Factors Affecting Microbial Composition -- 8.5 Microbial Interaction with the Host -- 8.6 Effect of Periodontal Therapy on the Microbiota -- 8.6.1 Antiseptics -- 8.6.2 Antibiotics -- 8.6.4 Photodynamic Therapy -- 8.6.5 Other Therapies -- 8.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Prevalence of Periodontitis -- 9.3 Pathogenesis of Periodontitis -- 9.4 Systemic Spread of Bacteria from the Inflamed Periodontium -- 9.5 Systemic Spread of Inflammatory Mediators -- 9.6 Periodontitis and Diabetes -- 9.6.1 Diabetes -- A Risk Factor for Periodontitis -- 9.6.2 Effects on Oral Microbiota in Diabetes With or Without Periodontitis -- 9.6.3 Common Inflammatory Responses in Diabetes and Periodontitis -- 9.6.4 Cross-talk of Pathogenesis Between Diabetes and Periodontitis -- 9.6.5 The Effect of Therapy on Bidirectional Disease -- 9.7 Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Disease -- 9.7.1 Epidemiological Association Between Periodontitis and CVD -- 9.7.2 Potential Causal Link Between Periodontitis and CVD -- 9.7.3 Impact of Periodontal Therapy on CVD -- 9.7.4 Summary of Periodontitis and CVD -- 9.8 Periodontitis and Obesity -- 9.8.1 Common Prevalence of Obesity and Periodontitis -- 9.8.2 Possible Mechanisms Linking Obesity and Periodontitis |
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9.8.3 Effect of Obesity on Periodontal Therapy -- 9.9 Periodontitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 9.9.1 Epidemiological Evidence on the Association Between RA and PD -- 9.9.2 Plausible Causal Links Between RA and PD -- 9.9.3 Common Tissue Destruction Pathway in RA and PD -- 9.9.4 The Effect of Periodontal Therapy on RA -- 9.9.5 Summary of Periodontitis and RA -- 9.10 Clinical Significance of the Periodontal-Systemic Disease Link -- References -- Chapter 10 Immunology of Tooth Movement and Root Resorption in Orthodontics -- 10.1 Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Definition and Theories -- 10.1.1 Pressure-Tension Theory -- 10.1.2 Biological Electric Theory -- 10.1.3 Biomechanical Theory -- 10.1.4 Biphasic Theory -- 10.2 Principal Tissues of Orthodontic Tooth Movement -- 10.2.1 Periodontal Ligament and Cells Within -- 10.2.2 Alveolar Bone -- 10.3 Chemical Mediators in Tooth Movement -- 10.3.1 Proinflammatory Cytokines -- 10.3.2 Chemokines -- 10.3.3 Anti-inflammatory Cytokines -- 10.3.4 Prostaglandins -- 10.3.5 Growth Factors -- 10.3.6 Neurotransmitters -- 10.3.7 Osteopontin -- 10.4 Orthodontic Pain Management and Cytokine Expression -- 10.5 Immune Response in Osteoperforations During Accelerated Orthodontic Movement -- 10.6 Root Resorption in Orthodontics -- 10.6.1 Mechanism of Root Resorption -- 10.6.2 Cellular Response in the Initiation of Root Resorption -- 10.6.3 Metabolic Response in Orthodontically Induced Root Resorption -- 10.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11 Sex Hormone Modulation in Periodontal Inflammation and Healing -- 11.1 Periodontal Disease and Its Inflammatory Nature -- 11.2 Periodontitis -- 11.3 Periodontal Treatment and Modulators of Periodontal Healing -- 11.4 Sex Steroid Hormones in Periodontal Tissues -- 11.5 Effects of Female Sex Steroids on Periodontal Tissues -- 11.6 Effects of Male Sex Steroids on Periodontal Tissues |
| Notes |
11.7 Effects of Puberty on Periodontal Tissues |
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Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources |
| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Teughels, Wim
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Lamont, Richard J
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| ISBN |
1119893011 |
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9781119893011 |
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9781119893028 |
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111989302X |
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