| Description |
1 online resource (287 pages) |
| Contents |
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Ecosystems Function Like Interlocking Puzzles: Visually Interpreting the Concept of Niche Space Plus a Brief Tour Through Genetic Hyperspace -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Three People Who Historically Defined the Concept of an Ecological Niche -- 1.2.1 Joseph Grinnell's 1917 Description of an Ecological Niche -- 1.2.2 Charles Elton's 1927 Description of an Ecological Niche -- 1.2.3 Evelyn Hutchinson's 1957 Description of an Ecological Niche -- 1.3 How Does a Species Become Established in a Niche? -- 1.4 Relationship Between the Requirements of Niche and Habitat -- 1.4.1 Defining a Species Habitat Requirements and Inclusion of the Physiological Boundaries Concept -- 1.4.2 Hutchinson's Description and Depiction of Niche Space -- 1.5 Using Visual Analogies to Represent the Concept of a Species Niche as Being a Multidimensional Space Which has Complex Surface Geometry -- 1.5.1 A Broader Consideration of the Variables that Would Define Niche Space -- 1.5.2 Imagining that Interactions Between Species Occur at the Surfaces of Their Niche Spaces -- 1.5.3 Three Mammal Species as Examples of Niche Space Interactions: The Koala, the Mexican Collared Anteater, and the Northern Atlantic Right Whale -- 1.5.4 One Insect Species as an Example of Niche Space Interactions, the Raspberry Aphid -- 1.6 Competition for the Control of Niche Space -- 1.6.1 Opportunities, Intrusions and Challenges Result in the Control of Niche Space -- 1.6.2 Using Visual Analogies for There Being Different Ways to Occupy the Same Total Volume of Niche Space -- 1.7 Defining the Concept of Genetic Hyperspace -- 1.7.1 Using Visual Analogies to Help Understand the Concept of Genetic Hyperspace |
|
1.7.2 Examples of Organisms Whose Symbioses Represent Interlocking Niche Spaces and Parallel or Common Genetic Trajectories -- 1.7.3 Relating the Concept of Genetic Trajectories and the Host Specificity of Viruses -- 1.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 2 Human and Climatic Drivers of Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms (CyanoHABs) -- 2.1 What are CyanoHABs? -- 2.2 Human and Climatic Drivers of CyanoHABs -- 2.3 Nutrient Management -- 2.3.1 Phosphorus Management -- 2.3.2 Nitrogen Management -- 2.4 Climatic Drivers -- 2.5 The Ultimate Challenge of the Twenty-First Century: Controlling HABs Against a Backdrop of Changing Climatic Conditions -- 2.6 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 3 Biodegradation of Environmental Pollutants by Autochthonous Microorganisms - A Precious Service for the Restoration of Impacted Ecosystems -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Environmental Pollutants of Major Concern -- 3.2.1 Pharmaceuticals -- 3.2.2 Pesticides -- 3.2.3 Petroleum Hydrocarbons -- 3.3 Current Remediation Technologies Targeting Pharmaceuticals, Pesticides, and Petroleum Hydrocarbons -- 3.4 Role of Environmental Microorganisms on the Removal of Pharmaceuticals, Pesticides, and Petroleum Hydrocarbons -- 3.5 Filling in the Gaps - Autochthonous Microorganisms as Tools for the Bioremediation of Environmental Pollutants -- 3.6 Final Considerations -- 3.7 Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 Early Biofilm Accumulation in Freshwater Environments on Different Types of Plastic -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 The Importance of Freshwater Study -- 4.1.2 Plastics in Fresh Water, or How a Solid Becomes Part of a Liquid -- 4.1.3 Additional Materials Found Associated with the Plastic -- 4.1.4 Can Plastics Be Removed from Freshwater and Wastewater? -- 4.1.5 The Great Lakes, Their Importance, and Their Interactions with Plastics |
|
4.1.6 Early Events: Importance, Criticality, and Need for Study -- 4.2 Background -- 4.2.1 Typical and Historical Ways this Field has been Researched -- 4.3 Results -- 4.3.1 Research Methodology -- 4.3.2 A Census and Diversity -- 4.4 Discussion -- 4.4.1 Possible Causes for Population Dynamics Over Time -- 4.5 Summary -- 4.5.1 General Conclusions -- 4.5.2 Further Research -- References -- Chapter 5 Identification of Sentinel Microbial Communities in Cold Environments -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Microorganisms as Sentinels of Global Warming -- 5.3 Microorganisms as Sentinels of Contamination -- 5.4 How Biogeochemical Cycles Can Change -- 5.4.1 The Carbon Cycle -- 5.4.2 The Nitrogen Cycle -- 5.4.3 The Iron Cycle -- 5.4.4 The Phosphorus Cycle -- 5.4.5 The Silica Cycle -- 5.4.6 The Sulfur Cycle -- 5.5 Causes of Alterations in Microbial Communities -- 5.5.1 Global Warming -- 5.5.2 Introduction of Nonindigenous Species -- 5.6 Human Activities That Can Be Influenced by Microbial Communities Alterations -- 5.7 Methods and Techniques to Identify Sentinel Microorganisms -- 5.7.1 Chemical Analysis of Glacier Ice, Meltwater, and Runoff Waters -- 5.7.2 Identification of Sentinel Microbial Communities -- 5.7.3 Relationship Between the Chemical Composition and Microbial Communities -- 5.8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 Analyzing Microbial Core Communities, Rare Species, and Interspecies Interactions Can Help Identify Core Microbial Functions in Anaerobic Degradation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Anaerobic Degradation Technology - Its Multiple Benefits and Unlocked Potential -- 6.1.2 Microbiology in the Anaerobic Degradation Process -- 6.2 Defining Key Microorganisms and Core Communities in Anaerobic Degradation Systems -- 6.2.1 Approaches Used to Identify Core Communities |
|
6.3 Core Definitions Applied to Anaerobic Digester Microbial Communities -- 6.3.1 Interpretation of Results and the Importance of Consistent Use of Phylogenetic Level -- 6.3.2 Impacts of Deterministic and Stochastic Factors and of Temporal Dynamics on Core Communities -- 6.4 Rare Species, Diversity Indices, and Links to Presence of Core Communities -- 6.4.1 Rare Species and Their Importance to Community Functioning -- 6.5 Network Analysis -- 6.5.1 Definition and Construction -- 6.5.2 Link with Core Community -- 6.5.3 Identifying Keystone Species Using Network Analysis -- 6.6 Defining Core Microbiota for Functionality -- 6.6.1 Using 16S rRNA Gene Data to Estimate Functions -- 6.6.2 Using Whole-Genome Sequencing to Estimate Functions -- 6.7 Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 7 Role of Microbial Communities in Methane and Nitrous Oxide Fluxes and the Impact of Soil Management -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 The Cycling of Carbon and Nitrogen in Terrestrial Ecosystems -- 7.1.2 The Importance of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Fluxes in Climate Change Scenarios -- 7.2 The Role of Microorganisms in Methane and Nitrous Oxide Fluxes -- 7.2.1 Methane -- 7.2.2 Nitrous Oxide -- 7.3 Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emission Mitigation Strategies -- 7.3.1 Rice Cultivation -- 7.3.2 Mineral Fertilization -- 7.3.3 Organic Fertilization and Livestock Chain -- 7.3.4 Biochar Amendment and Liming -- 7.4 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8 Impact of Microbial Symbionts on Fungus-Farming Termites and Their Derived Ecosystem Functions -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Ecosystem Services Provided by Insects -- 8.1.2 The Evolution of Microbial Symbioses in the Blattodea -- 8.1.3 The Role of Microbial Symbioses in Fungus-Farming Termite Ecosystem Services -- 8.2 Ancient Association of Co-Diversifying Symbiont Community |
|
8.2.1 Termite and Termitomyces Evolution, Diversification, and Symbiont Roles -- 8.2.2 Bacterial Communities -- 8.2.3 Additional Microbial Symbionts -- 8.3 Microbial Contributions to Nutrient Cycling -- 8.3.1 The Plant Biomass Decomposition Process -- 8.3.2 Enzymatic Contributions from Termitomyces and Bacteria -- 8.3.3 Oxidative Enzymes and Nonenzymatic Plant Biomass Decomposition by Termitomyces -- 8.4 Microbial Contributions to Colony Health -- 8.4.1 Termitomyces Role -- 8.4.2 Bacterial Roles -- 8.5 How Termite Activity and Microbial Processes Affect the Ecosystems Within Which They Reside -- 8.5.1 Impacts of Live Colony Activity -- 8.5.2 Impacts When Colonies Die -- 8.6 Interactions with and Impacts on Humans -- 8.6.1 Importance as Agricultural Pests -- 8.6.2 Soil for Building Material and Inspiration for Biomimicry -- 8.6.3 Termitomyces Bio-Economies for Food and Medicine -- 8.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9 The Ecosystem Role of Viruses Affecting Eukaryotes -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Eukaryogenesis -- 9.1.2 Infectious Transmission of a Virus -- 9.1.3 Transfer of Genes from Virus to Host and Endogenous Transmission of a Virus -- 9.1.4 Genes Also May Be Transferred in the Other Direction, from Host to Virus -- 9.1.5 An Introduction to the Hosts Antiviral Response Mechanisms -- 9.1.6 Understanding Niches and the Species Which Occupy Them -- 9.1.7 Coevolution of Virus and Host Constantly Redefines Their Respective Niches -- 9.2 Three Historically Important Discoveries Regarding the Viruses that Affect Eukaryotes -- 9.2.1 Tobacco Mosaic Virus (Crimea, 1890) -- 9.2.2 Influenza Virus (United States, 1918) -- 9.2.3 Coronavirus (China, 2019) -- 9.3 The Chalk Cliffs of Dover Represent an Ecosystem Impact Associated with Viruses of Phytoplankton -- 9.4 Examples of Viral Induced Phenotypic Changes in Fungal Hosts |
| Notes |
9.4.1 Viral Induced Hypervirulence |
|
Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources |
| Form |
Electronic book
|
| ISBN |
1119678307 |
|
9781119678304 |
|
1119678234 |
|
9781119678236 |
|
1119678293 |
|
9781119678298 |
|
