| Description |
1 online resource (497 pages) |
| Series |
Oxford studies in theoretical linguistics ; 80 |
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Oxford studies in theoretical linguistics ; 80.
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| Contents |
Cover -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- General Preface -- List of Abbreviations -- I INTRODUCTION AND OUTLINE -- 1 Introduction: Negation and negative dependencies -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The syntax of sentential negation -- 1.2.1 Sentential and constituent negation -- 1.2.2 Ways of expressing sentential negation -- 1.2.3 On the syntactic status of negative markers -- 1.2.4 On the syntactic position of negative markers -- 1.3 Polarity-sensitivity -- 1.3.1 The licenser question -- 1.3.2 The licensee question -- 1.3.3 The licensing question -- 1.4 The landscape of negative dependencies -- 1.4.1 Negative Concord -- 1.4.2 Positive Polarity-sensitivity -- 1.5 Conclusions -- 2 Outline: The pluriform landscape of negative dependencies -- 2.1 The pluriform landscape of negative dependencies -- 2.2 Outline -- 2.3 Relation to earlier work -- II NEGATIVE CONCORD AND NEGATIVE QUANTIFIERS -- 3 Negative Concord is syntactic agreement -- 3.1 Introduction: Negative Concord and neg-words -- 3.2 The negative-quantifier approach -- 3.2.1 Proposal -- 3.2.2 Problems for the negative-quantifier approach -- 3.2.3 Concluding remarks -- 3.3 The Negative Polarity Item approach -- 3.3.1 Proposal -- 3.3.2 Challenges for the Negative Polarity Item approach -- 3.3.3 Concluding remarks -- 3.4 Negative Concord is syntactic agreement -- 3.4.1 Proposal -- 3.4.2 Application -- 3.4.3 Challenges for the syntactic-agreement approach -- 3.5 Conclusions -- 4 Types of Negative Concord systems -- 4.1 Variation on the domain of Negative Concord -- 4.2 Strict vs Non-strict Negative Concord languages -- 4.2.1 Strict vs Non-strict Negative Concord -- 4.2.2 Obligatoriness and optionality of Negative Concord -- 4.3 In search of a missing language: A closer look at Afrikaans -- 4.4 Partial and/or invisible Negative Concord -- 4.4.1 Negative Concord in French: Partial Negative Concord -- 4.4.2 Negative Concord in English: Invisible Negative Concord -- 4.4.3 Other invisible Negative Concord languages: Hindi and Punjabi -- 4.5 Conclusions -- 5 The flexibility of negative features -- 5.1 The nature of negative features -- 5.2 The Flexible Formal Feature Hypothesis -- 5.2.1 A universal set of formal features? -- 5.2.2 The algorithm -- 5.2.3 Consequences -- 5.3 Acquiring types of Negative Concord systems -- 5.3.1 Double Negation: Dutch -- 5.3.2 Non-strict Negative Concord: Italian -- 5.3.3 Strict Negative Concord: Czech -- 5.3.4 Negative Concord in Afrikaans Variety A -- 5.3.5 Optional Negative Concord: Catalan and West Flemish -- 5.3.6 Partial Negative Concord: French -- 5.3.7 Invisible Negative Concord: English and Hindi/Punjabi -- 5.3.8 Non-negative licensers of neg-words -- 5.4 Consequences in the domain of language variation, acquisition, and change -- 5.4.1 Types of Negative Concord systems: Language variation -- 5.4.2 Types of Negative Concord systems: Language acquisition -- 5.4.3 Consequences for language change |
| Summary |
"A universal property of natural language is that every language is able to express negation. However, languages may differ to quite a large extent as to how they express this negation, varying with respect to not only the form of negative elements, but also their position. They also differ in terms of the number of manifestations of negative morphemes: in some languages negation is realized by a single word or morpheme, in other languages by multiple morphemes, a phenomenon known as Negative Concord. Moreover, the syntax and semantics of negation are indissolubly connected to the phenomenon of negative and positive polarity. Negative Polarity Items (NPIs) are items, like English 'ever', whose distribution is limited to a number of contexts, which in some sense all count as negative. Positive Polarity Items (PPIs) form the mirror image of NPIs. These are elements, such as English 'rather', that are banned from appearing in negative sentences. This book presents an overarching perspective on negation and negative dependencies, based on novel data from language variation, acquisition, and change, developing and exploring the hypothesis that, to the extent that they are applicable to the domain of negation, all known syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, and lexical ways of encoding dependencies should also be attestable in the domain of negation, unless they are ruled out independently (e.g. on functional, formal, or learnability grounds). This hypothesis predicts a pluriform landscape of all kinds of negative dependencies and markers of negation, a prediction that the book will show is borne out"--Publisher's description |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Notes |
Description based on online resource; title from home page (Oxford Academic, viewed on March 8, 2024) |
| Subject |
Grammar, Comparative and general -- Negatives.
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Grammar, Comparative and general -- Negatives
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| ISBN |
0192569678 |
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9780192569677 |
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9780191871450 |
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0191871451 |
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