| Contents |
Contents note continued: 1.Damages -- 2.Restitution -- IV.Detinue -- A.Nature of Detinue -- B.Possession or Right of Possession -- C.Remedies -- 1.Damages -- 2.Restitution -- V.Defences -- A.General -- B.Jus tertii -- 4.Interference With Intellectual Property -- I.Introduction -- II.Passing Off -- A.General -- B.Plaintiff&aposs Protectable Interest -- C.Plaintiff&aposs Claim to the Goodwill -- D.Deception Causing Confusion -- E.Damage -- F.Remedies -- 1.Injunction -- 2.Damages -- 3.Other Remedies -- III.Fair Trading Act 1986 -- A.Misleading or Deceptive Conduct -- B.Remedies -- IV.Misappropriation of Personality -- V.Breach of Confidence -- A.Introduction -- B.Elements of the Cause of Action -- 1.Confidential Information -- 2.The Obligation of Confidence -- 3.Unauthorized Use -- C.Defences -- 1.Information in the Public Domain -- 2.Public Interest in Publication -- D.Remedies -- 5.Interference With Economic Interests -- I.Introduction -- A.General -- B.Industrial Law Context -- |
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Contents note continued: 1.Strikes and Lockouts -- 2.Picketing -- II.Inducing Breach of Contract -- A.Elements -- B.Conduct Inducing a Breach of Contract -- 1.Accessory Liability -- 2.Inducing Conduct -- 3.Inducing Breach -- C.Knowledge That the Conduct Would Induce a Breach of the Contract -- D.Intention to Induce a Breach of the Contract -- E.Justification -- F.Damage -- III.Causing Loss by Unlawful Means -- A.Elements -- B.Unlawful Means -- 1.Nature of the Unlawful Means -- 2.Actionable Unlawful Conduct -- 3.Non-actionable Unlawful Conduct -- C.Intention to Cause Harm -- D.Damage -- IV.Conspiracy -- A.Conspiracy with an Unlawful Purpose -- 1.The Combination -- 2.Intention -- 3.Damage -- B.Conspiracy by Unlawful Means -- 1.Intention -- 2.Unlawful Means -- V.Deceit -- A.Introduction -- B.Representation of Fact -- 1.Statements of Intention -- 2.Opinions -- 3.Non-disclosure of Information -- C.Knowledge of Falsity -- D.Reliance -- E.Damage -- 1.General -- 2.Date of Assessment -- |
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Contents note continued: 2.Abolition of Immunity from Suit -- 3.Abuse of Process -- D.Expert witnesses -- E.Judges -- 1.Superior Courts -- 2.Inferior Courts -- F.Builders -- 1.Introduction -- 2.Origins of the Builder&aposs Duty -- 3.Developments in the UK -- 4.Developments in Australia and Canada -- 5.Developments in New Zealand -- 6.Commercial Property -- 7.Several Liability -- 8.Standard of the Duty -- 9.Contractual Modification of the Tort Standard -- 10.The Negligent Building Owner -- 11.The Building Act 2004 -- G.Manufacturers -- 1.Introduction -- 2.The Rule in Donoghue v. Stevenson -- 3.Width of the Rule -- 4.Economic Loss -- H.Public Bodies -- 1.Introduction -- 2.Duty in Public Law -- 3.Justiciability -- 4.Common Law Context -- 5.The Statutory Context -- VII.Breach of Duty -- A.The Standard of Care -- 1.The Reasonable Person -- 2.Knowledge and Skill -- 3.Age -- 4.Physical and Mental Capacity -- B.Application of the Standard -- 1.Probability of Harm -- |
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Contents note continued: 2.Gravity of the Risk -- 3.Social Value of the Activity -- 4.Burden of Precautionary Measures -- C.External Standards -- 1.Common Practice in a Trade or Profession -- 2.Statutory Standards -- D.Proof of Negligence -- 1.General -- 2.Province of Judge and Jury -- 3.Res Ipsa Loquitur -- 4.Criminal Convictions -- 4.Capacity -- I.General -- II.The Crown -- A.Background -- B.Crown Liability in Tort -- C.Discharge of Judicial Functions and Execution of Judicial Process -- III.Foreign States and Diplomats -- A.Foreign States -- B.Diplomats -- IV.Bankrupt Persons -- V.Minors -- VI.Persons of Unsound Mind -- ch. 2 Specific Cases of Liability -- 1.Introduction -- 2.Interference With Land -- I.Introduction -- II.Trespass to Land -- A.General -- B.Forms of Trespass -- 1.Entering on Land -- 2.Remaining on Land after Expiry of Authority or Licence -- 3.Putting Object on Land -- 4.Leaving Object on Land -- 5.Interfering with a Profit a Prendre -- 6.Excluding an owner -- |
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Contents note continued: 2.Injunctive Relief -- I.General Principles -- II.Particular Types of Injunction -- A.Mandatory Injunction -- B.Quia Timet Injunction -- C.Interim Injunction -- III.Damages in Substitution for an Injunction -- 3.Declaratory Relief -- 4.Nominal Damages -- 5.Exemplary Damages -- I.Introduction -- II.Basis for Award -- III.Impact of the Criminal Law -- IV.Vicarious Liability -- V.Direct Liability of Statutory or Corporate Bodies -- VI.Claims by or Against an Estate -- ch. 4 Multiple Tortfeasors and Claims for Contribution -- 1.Introduction -- 2.Multiple Tortfeasors -- I.Joint and Several Liability -- II.Release of One Tortfeasor -- A.Joint Tortfeasors -- B.Several Tortfeasors -- III.Procedure -- 3.Contribution Between Tortfeasors -- I.Introduction -- II.Entitlement to Claim Contribution -- III.Liability to Make Contribution -- IV.Liability in Respect of the Same Damage -- V.Basis for Apportionment -- VI.Contribution in equity |
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Contents note continued: 3.Consequential Loss -- VI.Injurious Falsehood -- A.Introduction -- B.A False Statement -- C.Publication -- D.Malice -- E.Damage -- 6.Abuse Of Public Office -- I.Introduction -- II.Misfeasance in a Public Office -- A.Public Officer -- B.Conduct in the Exercise of the Public Office -- C.State of Mind of the Defendant -- D.Damage -- III.Public Law Compensation -- A.The New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 -- B.Remedies -- 7.Abuse Of Legal Procedure -- I.Introduction -- II.Malicious Prosecution -- A.Elements -- B.Prosecution of the Plaintiff -- C.Non-incriminating Termination of the Criminal Proceedings -- D.Want of Reasonable and Probable Cause -- E.Malice -- F.Damage -- III.Malicious Civil Proceedings -- IV.Abuse of Process -- A.General -- B.Improper Purpose -- C.Malicious Process -- V.Maintenance and Champerty -- A.Introduction -- 1.General -- B.Wrongful Assistance -- C.Damage -- D.Assignment of Causes of Action -- 8.Injury To Reputation -- |
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Contents note continued: 4.Other Matters Of Justification -- ch. 4 Discharge of Liability -- 1.Satisfaction -- 2.Judgment -- 3.Accord And Satisfaction -- ch. 5 Exclusions of Liability -- 1.Introduction -- 2.Contractual Exclusions -- 3.Contractual Exclusions And Third Parties -- I.The Benefit Of An Exclusion -- II.The Burden Of An Exclusion -- 4.Non-Contractual Exclusions -- 5.Statutory Control -- I.Personal Injury Cases -- II.Property Damage and Economic Loss -- A.Disputes Tribunals Act 1988 -- B.Contract and Commercial Law Act 2017, Section 50 -- C.Fair Trading Act 1986 -- D.Consumer Guarantees Act 1993 -- 1.Introduction -- 2.Cause In Fact -- I.Indivisible Harm -- II.Divisible Harm -- III.Proof of a Risk -- A.General -- B.Single Agency Rule -- C.Proportionate Liability -- D.Overview -- E.Conclusion -- IV.Loss of a Chance -- A.General -- B.Historical Facts -- C.Hypothetical Facts -- D.Indeterminate Facts -- V.Lack of Informed Consent -- VI.Causation and Quantification -- |
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Contents note continued: 5.Overview -- III.Mental Injury -- A.Introduction -- B.Actionable Injury -- C.Primary Victims -- D.Secondary Victims -- E.Rescuers -- F.Other Cases -- IV.Misstatements -- A.Introduction -- B.The Rule in Hedley Byrne v. Heller -- C.Assuming Responsibility for Words -- D.The Special Relationship -- 1.Company Auditors -- 2.Company Directors -- 3.Tenders for Building Contracts -- 4.Pre-contractual Representations -- 5.Miscellaneous Cases -- E.Possession of Skill or Knowledge -- F.Disclaimers -- V.Financial Loss -- A.Consequential Financial Loss -- B.Relational Financial Loss -- C.Pure Financial Loss -- 1.Professionals and Third Parties -- 2.Reports and References -- 3.Miscellaneous Cases -- VI.Special Duty Categories -- A.Introduction -- B.Doctors -- 1.Impact of the Accident Compensation Scheme -- 2.Sterilization Cases -- 3.Wrongful Life Cases -- 4.Professional Accountability -- C.Barristers and Solicitors -- 1.Duty to Client -- |
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Contents note continued: 6.Protected Interests -- I.Personal Integrity -- II.Physical Property -- III.Intellectual Property -- IV.Financial Interests -- V.Reputation and Privacy -- VI.Other Interests -- 7.Impact Of Legislation -- 8.Accident Compensation -- I.Introduction -- II.Coverage -- A.Categories of Cover -- 1.Personal Injury -- 2.Personal Injury by an Accident -- 3.Treatment Injury -- 4.Employment-Related Disease, Heart Attacks and Strokes -- 5.Mental Injury -- B.Claimants -- III.Relationship with the Common Law -- A.The Bar on Actions for Damages -- B.Residual Common Law Claims -- IV.Statutory Benefits -- V.Claims -- A.Claims Process -- B.Reviews and Appeals -- C.Code of Claimants&apos Rights -- VI.Funding -- VII.Administration -- ch. 1 General Principles -- 1.Forms Of Wrongdoing -- 2.Intentional Wrongdoing -- I.Trespass to the Person -- II.Trespass and Case -- III.Assault -- IV.Battery -- V.False Imprisonment -- A.General -- B.Actual Restraint -- C.Unlawful Restraint -- |
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Contents note continued: C.Defences -- 1.Plaintiff&aposs Default -- 2.Act of God -- 3.Act of a Stranger -- D.Liability for the Escape of Fire -- V.Public Nuisance -- A.General -- B.Forms of Public Nuisance -- C.Defences -- 3.Interference With Goods -- I.General -- A.Causes of Action -- B.Subject Matter -- II.Trespass to Goods -- A.Nature of Trespass -- B.Intention or Negligence -- C.Possession or Right to Possession -- III.Conversion -- A.Nature of Conversion -- 1.Taking Possession -- 2.Dealing -- 3.Detaining -- 4.Destroying or Misusing -- 5.Disposing to Another -- 6.Receiving -- B.The Nemo Dat Rule -- 1.General -- 2.Exceptions to the Rule -- a.Estoppel -- b.Sale by Mercantile Agent -- c.Sale under a Voidable Title -- d.Seller in Possession -- e.Buyer in Possession -- f.Special Powers of Sale -- 3.Personal Property Securities Act 1999 -- C.Possession or Right of Possession -- 1.General -- 2.Finders -- 3.Bailed Goods -- 4.Co-owners -- 5.Owner&aposs Wrongdoing -- D.Remedies -- |
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Contents note continued: C.Intention or Negligence -- D.Possession or Right of Possession -- 1.Actual Possession -- 2.Trespass by Relation -- 3.Action for Recovery of Land -- E.Remedies -- 1.Criminal Proceedings -- 2.Self-Help -- 3.Damages -- 4.Injunction -- F.Defences -- 1.Claim of Right -- 2.Licence -- 3.Statutory Authority -- 4.Execution of Process -- 5.Distress for Rent -- 6.Recaption of Chattels -- III.Private Nuisance -- A.Definition and Nature of Private Nuisance -- B.Forms of Nuisance -- C.Substantial and Unreasonable Harm -- 1.Nature and Extent of the Harm -- 2.Character of the Neighbourhood -- 3.Plaintiff&aposs Special Sensitivity -- 4.Defendant&aposs Motive -- D.Standard of Liability and Test of Remoteness -- E.Who Can Sue -- F.Who Is Liable -- G.Defences -- 1.Statutory Authority -- 2.Consent -- 3.Contributory Negligence -- H.Remedies -- 1.Damages -- 2.Injunction -- 3.Abatement -- IV.The Rule in Rylands v. Fletcher -- A.Nature of the Rule -- B.Non-natural Use -- |
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Contents note continued: D.Damages -- VI.Defences -- A.Arrest -- 1.General Principles -- 2.Arrest by a Private Citizen -- 3.Arrest by a Police Officer -- 4.Entry on Premises of Arrested Person -- 5.Use of Force -- 6.Duty to Give Reason for Arrest -- 7.Search of Arrested Person -- 8.Inquiries after Arrest -- 9.Impact of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 -- B.Execution of Sentence, Process, or Warrant -- C.Defence of the Person -- D.Defence of Property -- E.Disciplinary Powers -- F.Detention and Treatment of Mentally Disordered Persons -- VII.The Rule in Wilkinson v. Downton -- A.Nature of the Rule -- B.Future of the Rule -- 3.Negligent Wrongdoing -- I.Introduction -- II.Duty of Care -- A.Duty Formulae -- B.Foreseeability and Proximity -- C.Guiding Policies -- 1.Maintaining Individual Autonomy -- 2.Imposing a Proportionate Burden of Liability -- 3.Recognizing an Appropriately Protective Duty -- 4.Recognizing a Duty Which Operates Coherently in the Legal System as a Whole -- |
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Contents note continued: I.General Principles -- II.Causal Issues -- 2.Induced Reliance -- 3.Assumption Of Responsibility For Other Persons -- I.Duty to the Other Person -- II.Duty to a Third Party -- 4.Assumption Of Responsibility For a Task -- 5.Assumption Of Responsibility By Public Bodies -- I.General -- II.Control -- III.Proximity -- ch. 3 Liability for Property -- 1.Occupiers Of Land -- I.Liability to Visitors -- A.Introduction -- B.Occupiers -- C.Premises -- D.Visitors -- E.The Common Duty of Care -- 1.Reasonable Steps by Way of Self-Protection -- 2.Warnings -- 3.Independent Contractors -- F.Contractual Duties and Third Parties -- G.Defences -- 1.Contributory Negligence -- 2.Assumption of Risk -- 3.Exclusion of Liability -- II.Liability to Trespassers -- III.Liability to Neighbours -- 2.Vendors And Lessors -- I.Creating a Defect -- II.Letting or Selling with a Defect -- ch. 4 Liability for Animals -- 1.Introduction -- 2.Negligence -- I.General Principles -- |
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Contents note continued: I.Introduction -- II.Who Can Sue? -- III.Elements of Defamation -- A.Defamatory Statement -- B.Innuendo -- C.Intention of the Defendant -- D.Identification of the Plaintiff -- E.Publication -- 1.General -- 2.Repetition -- 3.Innocent Dissemination -- IV.Defences -- A.Truth -- 1.Several Allegations -- 2.Different Meanings -- B.Honest Opinion -- 1.Opinion Based on True Facts -- 2.Opinion Recognisable as Opinion -- 3.Genuine Opinion -- C.Absolute Privilege -- 1.Parliamentary Proceedings -- 2.Judicial Proceedings -- D.Qualified Privilege -- 1.Common Law Qualified Privilege -- 2.Public Interest Privilege -- 3.Political Discussion Privilege -- 4.Abuse of Privilege -- 5.Comparisons -- 6.Statutory Qualified Privilege -- E.Consent -- V.Remedies -- A.Damages -- B.Injunction -- C.Declaration -- D.Correction -- 9.Invasion Of Privacy -- I.Introduction -- II.Misuse of Private Information -- A.General -- B.Elements to Liability -- C.Public Concern -- |
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Contents note continued: II.Causal Relevance -- III.'Fault' by Plaintiff and Defendant -- A.Plaintiff&aposs Fault -- B.Defendant&aposs Fault -- IV.The Standard of Care -- V.The Doctrine of Identification -- VI.Mode of Apportionment -- 2.Assumption Of The Risk -- I.Full Knowledge of the Risk -- II.Free and Voluntary Acceptance of the Risk -- 3.Illegal Conduct -- I.Reliance upon illegal conduct -- II.Illegal conduct the cause of the harm -- III.Consistency Within the law -- IV.Plaintiff&aposs turpitude -- V.Proportionality -- VI.Conclusions -- ch. 3 Grounds of Justification -- 1.Consent -- I.General -- II.Onus of Proof -- III.Nature of Consent -- IV.Consent to Medical Treatment -- V.Duress and Fraud -- 2.Necessity -- I.General -- II.Protection of the Person -- III.Protection of Property -- 3.Self-Help -- I.Self-Defence -- II.Defence of Property -- III.Recaption of Chattels -- IV.Distress Damage Feasant -- V.Impounding of Stock -- VI.Abatement of Nuisances -- |
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Contents note continued: II.Stock Straying Onto the Highway -- III.Dangerous Animals -- 3.Liability For Dogs -- 4.Nuisance -- 5.Cattle Trespass -- I.General Principles -- II.Defences -- III.Remedies -- ch. 1 General Principles -- ch. 2 Breach of Statutory Duty -- 1.Introduction -- 2.Elements To Liability -- 3.The Existence Of An Enforceable Duty -- I.Class of Persons Protected -- II.Alternative Modes of Enforcement -- III.Common Law Remedy -- IV.Nature of the Duty -- V.Nature of the Damage -- 4.Damage Of A Kind That The Statute Was Intended To Prevent -- 5.Breach Of Duty -- 6.Causation -- 7.Defences -- I.Statutory Defence in Criminal Proceedings -- II.Consent -- III.Contributory Negligence -- ch. 3 Statutory Torts -- 1.Introduction -- 2.Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013 -- 3.Fair Trading Act 1986 -- I.Trade -- II.Misleading or Deceptive Conduct -- III.Remedies -- IV.Defences -- 4.Consumer Guarantees Act -- I.Application of the Act -- II.Right of Redress against Manufacturers -- |
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Contents note continued: III.Contracting Out -- 5.Human Rights Act 1993 -- 6.Privacy Act 1993 -- ch. 1 Limitation of Actions -- 1.Introduction: The Limitation Act 1950 -- 2.Conversion And Detinue -- 3.Accrual Of The Cause Of Action -- I.General -- II.Date of the Damage -- III.Latent Defects in Property -- IV.Personal Injuries -- V.Sexual Abuse Cases -- VI.Contribution Between Tortfeasors -- 4.Plaintiff&aposs Disability -- 5.Fraud And Concealment -- 6.Special Periods Of Limitation -- I.Claims for Personal Injuries -- II.Claims for Defamation -- III.Claims Against an Estate -- 7.Laches -- 8.The Limitation Act 2010 -- I.General -- II.Primary Period, Late Knowledge Period and Longstop Period -- A.Money Claims -- B.Abuse of Minors and Disease Injury -- C.Conversion and Detinue -- D.Claims for Contribution -- E.Exceptions or Modifications to Periods and Start Dates -- ch. 2 Plaintiff&aposs Wrongdoing -- 1.Contributory Negligence -- I.The Contributory Negligence Act 1947 -- |
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Contents note continued: III.Intrusion into Seclusion -- IV.Breach of Confidence -- V.Remedies -- A.Injunction -- B.Damages -- VI.Privacy or Confidence? -- VII.Harassment -- A.Common Law -- B.Harassment Act 1997 -- ch. 1 Vicarious Liability -- 1.Introduction -- I.Nature of Vicarious Liability -- II.Policy Considerations -- 2.Employers And Employees -- I.The Test of Control -- II.Borrowed Employees -- III.Employee Directors -- 3.Relationships Analogous To Employment -- 4.The Connection Between The Relationship And The Wrong -- I.The Course of Employment -- A.General -- B.Prohibitions -- C.Wilful Wrongdoing -- II.The Close Connection Test -- A.Sexual Abuse Cases -- B.Other Cases -- 5.Independent Contractors -- I.General -- II.Personal Duties -- III.Non-delegable Duties -- 6.Agents -- I.General -- II.Vehicle Owners and Drivers -- III.Other Special Cases -- 7.Partners -- ch. 2 Liability of Persons in Supervisory Positions -- 1.Personal Responsibility For Others -- |
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Contents note continued: VII.Overview -- 3.Cause In Law -- I.General -- II.Intervening Third-Party Conduct -- III.Plaintiff&aposs Intervening Conduct -- IV.Other Intervening Events -- 4.Remoteness Of Damage -- I.Introduction -- II.Direct Consequences -- III.Foreseeable Consequences -- A.The Wagon Mound Decisions -- B.Foreseeable Kinds of Damage -- C.Existing Physical, Mental and Financial States -- IV.Directness or Foreseeability? -- ch. 1 General Principles -- ch. 2 Compensatory Damages -- 1.Overview -- 2.Special And General Damages -- 3.Quantification Of Damage -- I.Restitutio in Integrum -- II.Single Award -- III.Lump Sum -- IV.Destruction of or Damage to Property -- A.Chattels -- B.Land -- V.Personal Injuries -- A.Pecuniary Loss -- B.Non-pecuniary Loss -- C.Claims by Dependants -- VI.Duty to Mitigate -- VII.Collateral Benefits -- A.General Principles -- B.Betterment -- C.Personal Injury Claims -- VIII.Taxation -- IX.Interest -- ch. 3 Other Remedies -- 1.Restitution -- |
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Machine generated contents note: 1.General Background Of The Country -- I.Geography -- II.History -- III.Political System -- IV.Economic and Social Values -- 2.Legal System -- I.General -- II.Primacy of Legislation -- III.Position of the Judiciary -- IV.The Court System -- A.The Supreme Court -- B.The Court of Appeal -- C.The High Court -- D.The District Court -- E.Specialist Courts -- F.Disputes Tribunals -- V.Distinction Between Public and Private Law -- VI.Sources of Private Law in General and Tort Law in Particular -- 3.Functions Of The Law Of Torts -- I.Compensating for Losses -- II.Encouraging Care and Deterring Wrongdoing -- III.Vindicating Rights and Punishing Wrongdoing -- 4.Relationship Between Torts And Criminal Law -- I.General -- II.Double Jeopardy -- 5.Relationship Between Contractual Responsibility And Tortious Responsibility -- I.General -- II.Concurrent and Co-extensive Liability -- III.Contractual Matrices -- IV.Pre-contractual Liability -- |
| ISBN |
9041193146 |
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9789041193148 |
