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Book Cover
E-book

Title Encyclopedia of Russian history / James R. Millar, editor in chief
Published New York : Macmillan Reference USA, [2004]
©2004
Online access available from:
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Description 1 online resource (4 volumes) : illustrations (some color), maps
Series Gale virtual reference library
Gale virtual reference library.
Contents volume 1. Abkhazians -- Abortion Policy -- Academy of Arts -- Academy of Sciences -- Administration for Organized Recruitment -- Administration, Military -- Admiralty -- Adyge -- Adzhubei, Alexei Ivanovich -- Aeroflot -- Afghanistan, Relations with -- Aganbegyan, Abel Gezevich -- Agitprop -- Agrarian Party of Russia -- Agrarian Reforms -- Agriculture -- Aigun, Treaty of -- Ajars -- Akayev, Askar Akayevich -- Akhmatova, Anna Andreyevna -- Akhromeyev, Sergei Fyodorovich -- Akhundov, Mirza Fath Ali -- Akkerman, Convention of -- Aksakov, Ivan Sergeyevich -- Aksakov, Konstantin Sergeyevich -- Alash Orda -- Alaska -- Albanians, Caucasian -- Alcoholism -- Alcohol Monopoly -- Alexander I -- Alexander II -- Alexander III -- Alexander Mikhailovich -- Alexander Yaroslavich -- Alexandra Fedorovna -- Alexandrov, Grigory Alexandrovich -- Alexei I, Patriarch -- Alexei II, Patriarch -- Alexei Mikhailovich -- Alexei Nikolayevich -- Alexei Petrovich -- Alexeyev, Mikhail Vasilievich -- Aliyev, Heidar -- Allied Intervention -- Alliluyeva, Svetlana Iosifovna -- Altai -- Altyn -- Amalrik, Andrei Alexeyevich -- American Relief Administration -- Anarchism -- Andrei Alexandrovich -- Andrei Yaroslavich -- Andrei Yurevich -- Andreyev, Leonid Nikolayevich -- Andreyeva, Nina Alexandrovna -- Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich -- Andrusovo, Peace of -- Anna Ivanovna -- Anthony Khrapovitsky, Metropolitan -- Anthony Vadkovsky, Metropolitan -- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty -- Anti-Comintern Pact -- Anti-Party Group -- Antonov Uprising -- Appanage Era -- Apparat -- April Theses -- Architecture -- Archives -- Armand, Inessa -- Armenia and Armenians -- Armenian Apostolic Church -- Armory -- Arms Control -- Artek -- Article 6 of 1977 Constitution -- Assembly of the Land -- Assortment Plans -- Astrakhan, Khanate of -- Atomic Energy -- August 1991 Putsch -- Austerlitz, Battle of -- Austria, Relations with -- Autocracy -- Avars -- Aviation -- Avvakum Petrovich -- Azerbaijan and Azeris -- Babel, Isaac Emmanuyelovich -- Babi Bunty -- Baikal-Amur Magistral Railway -- Bakatin, Vadim Viktorovich -- Bakhtin, Mikhail Mikhailovich -- Baku -- Bakunin, Mikhail Alexandrovich -- Balaklava, Battle of -- Balalaika -- Balkan Wars -- Balkars -- Ballet -- Baltic Fleet -- Banking System, Soviet -- Banking System, Tsarist -- Banya -- Barannikov, Viktor Pavlovich -- Barone, Enrico -- Barshchina -- Barsov, Alexander Alexandrovich -- Baryatinsky, Alexander Ivanovich -- Bashkortostan and Bashkirs -- Basil I -- Basil II -- Basil III -- Basmachis -- Batu -- Bauer, Yevgeny Frantsevich -- Bazarov, Vladimir Alexandrovich -- Beard Tax -- Bednyaki -- Belarus and Belarusians -- Belinsky, Vissarion Grigorievich -- Belovezh Accords -- Bely, Andrei -- Berdyayev, Nikolai Alexandrovich -- Beria, Lavrenti Pavlovichv -- Bering, Vitus Jonassen -- Berlin Blockade -- Berlin, Congress of -- Berlin, Convention of -- Beschestie -- Bessarabia -- Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Alexei Petrovich -- Birchbark Charters -- Birobidzhan -- Biron, Ernst Johann -- Black Earth -- Black Hundred -- Black Market -- Black Repartition -- Black Sea Fleet -- Blat -- Bloch, Jan -- Blok, Alexander Alexandrovich -- Bloody Sunday -- Bobrikov, Nikolai Ivanovich -- Bolotnikov, Ivan Isayevich -- Bolshevism -- Bolshoi Theater -- Bonner, Yelena Georgievna -- Book of Degrees -- Boretskaya, Marfa Ivanovna -- Borodino, Battle of -- Borotbisty -- Boyar -- Boyar Duma -- Brazauskas, Algirdas -- Brest-Litovsk Peace -- Brezhnev Doctrine -- Brezhnev, Leonid Ilich -- Brodsky, Joseph Alexandrovich -- Bruce, James David -- Brusilov, Alexei Alexeyevich -- Bryusov, Valery Yakovlevich -- Bucharest, Treaty of -- Budenny, Semeon Mikhailovich -- Bukhara -- Bukharin, Nikolai Ivanovich -- Bukovina -- Bulgakov, Mikhail Afanasievich -- Bulgakov, Sergei Nikolayevich -- Bulganin, Nikolai Alexandrovich -- Bulgarians -- Bulgaria, Relations with -- Bund, Jewish -- Bunin, Ivan Alexeyevich -- Bureaucracy, Economic -- Buryats -- Butashevich-Petrashevsky, Mikhail Vasilievich -- Bylina -- Byzantium, Influence of -- Cabaret -- Cabinet of Ministers, Imperial -- Cabinet of Ministers, Soviet -- Cadres Policy -- Calendar -- Cantonists -- Capitalism -- Carpatho-Rusyns -- Cathedral of Christ the Savior -- Cathedral of St. Basil -- Cathedral of St. Sophia, Kiev -- Cathedral of St
Sophia, Novgorod -- Cathedral of the Archangel -- Cathedral of the Dormition -- Catherine I -- Catherine II -- Catholicism -- Caucasian Wars -- Caucasus -- Caves Monastery -- Caviar -- Censorship -- Central Asia -- Central Bank of Russia -- Central Committee -- Central Control Commission -- Central Statistical Agency -- Chaadayev, Peter Yakovlevich -- Chagall, Marc -- Chancellery System -- Chapayev, Vasily Ivanovich -- Chapbook Literature -- Charskaya, Lydia Alexeyevna -- Charter of the Cities -- Charter of the Nobility -- Chastushka -- Chayanov, Alexander Vasilievich -- Chebrikov, Viktor Mikhailovich -- Chechnya and Chechens -- Chekhov, Anton Pavlovich -- Cherkess -- Chernenko, Konstantin Ustinovich -- Chernobyl -- Chernomyrdin, Viktor Stepanovich -- Chernov, Viktor Mikhailovich -- Chernuhka -- Chernyshev, Alexander Ivanovich -- Chernyshevsky, Nikolai Gavrilovich -- Chervonets -- Chesme, Battle of -- Chicherin, Georgy Vasilievich -- China, Relations with -- Chirikov, Alexei Ilich -- Chkalov, Valery Pavlovich -- Chkheidze, Nikolai Semenovich -- Christianization -- Chronicle of Current Events -- Chronicle of Human Rights in the USSR -- Chronicles -- Chubais, Anatoly Borisovich -- Chuikov, Vasily Ivanovich -- Chukchi -- Chukovskaya, Lydia Korneyevna -- Chukovsky, Kornei Ivanovich -- Church Council -- Church Council, Hundred Chapters -- Chuvash -- Cimmerians -- Circus -- Civic Union -- Civil War of 1425-1450 -- Civil War of 1917-1922 -- Class System -- Climate -- Cold War -- Collective Farm -- Collective Responsibility -- Collectivization of Agriculture -- Colonial Expansion -- Colonialism -- Command Administrative Economy -- Commanding Heights of the Economy -- Commissar -- Committee for the Operational Management of the National Economy -- Committee of Soldiers' Mothers -- Committees of the Village Poor -- Commonwealth of Independent States -- Communism -- Communist Academy -- Communist Bloc -- Communist Information Bureau -- Communist International -- Communist Party of the Russian Federation -- Communist Party of the Soviet Union -- Communist Youth Organizations -- Congress of People's Deputies -- Congress of Russian Communities -- Consistory -- Constituent Assembly -- Constitutional Court -- Constitutional Democratic Party -- Constitution of 1918 -- Constitution of 1936 -- Constitution of 1977 -- Constitution of 1993 -- Constructivism -- Control Figures -- Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty -- Cooperatives, Law on -- Cooperative Societies -- Copper Riots -- Corporal Punishment -- Corporation, Russian -- Cosmopolitanism -- Cossacks -- Council for Mutual Economic Assistance -- Council of Ministers, Soviet -- Counterreforms -- Country Estates -- Court, High Arbitration -- Court, Supreme -- Crimea -- Crimean Khanate -- Crimean Tatars -- Crimean War -- Crony Capitalism -- Cuban Missile Crisis -- Cuba, Relations with -- Cult of Personality -- Cultural Revolution -- Custine, Astolphe Louis Leonor -- Customs Books -- Cyril and Methodius Society -- Cyrillic Alphabet -- Cyril of Turov -- Czartoryski, Adam Jerzy -- Czechoslovakia, Invasion of -- Czechoslovakia, Relations with -- Dagestan -- Daniel, Metropolitan -- Daniel, Yuli Markovich -- Danilevsky, Nikolai Yakovlevich -- Dargins -- Dashkova, Yekaterina Romanovna -- Dashnaktsutiun -- Decembrist Movement and Rebellion -- Decree on Land -- Dedovshchina -- Defectors, Soviet Era -- Democratic Party -- Democratic Russia -- Democratic Union -- Democratization -- Demography -- Denga -- Denikin, Anton Ivanovich -- Denmark, Relations with -- Deportations -- Derzhavin, Gavryl Romanovich -- De-Stalinization -- Détente -- Developed Socialism -- Dezhnev, Semen Ivanovich -- Diagilev, Sergei Pavlovich -- Dialectical Materialism -- Dictatorship of the Proletariat -- Diocese -- Dionisy -- Disenfranchized Persons -- Dissident Movement -- Dmitry Alexandrovich -- Dmitry, False -- Dmitry Mikhailovich -- Dmitry of Uglich -- Doctors' Plot -- Dolgans -- Domostroi -- Donation Books -- Donskoy, Dmitry Ivanovich -- Dostoyevsky, Fyodor Mikhailovich -- Dudayev, Dzhokhar -- Dugin, Alexander Gelevich -- Duma -- Dunayevsky, Isaak Osipovich -- Dungan -- Durova, Nadezhda Andreyevna -- Dvoeverie -- Dvorianstvo -- Dyachenko, Tatiana Borisovna -- Dyak -- Dzerzhinsky, Felix Edmundovich
volume 2. Economic Growth, Extensive -- Economic Growth, Imperial -- Economic Growth, Intensive -- Economic Growth, Soviet -- Economic Reform Commission -- Economism -- Economy, Post-Soviet -- Economy, Tsarist -- Edinonachalie -- Education -- Ehrenburg, Ilya Grigorovich -- Eisenstein, Sergei Mikhailovich -- Electoral Commission -- Electricity Grid -- Elizabeth -- Emancipation Act -- Empire, USSR as -- Engels, Friedrich -- Enlightenment, Impact of -- Enserfment -- Enterprise, Soviet -- Environmentalism -- Episcopate -- Estonia and Estonians -- Ethiopian Civil War -- Ethnography, Russian and Soviet -- Evenki -- Fabergé, Peter Carl -- Family Code of 1926 -- Family Code on Marriage, the Family, and Guardianship -- Family Edict of 1944 -- Family Laws of 1936 -- Famine of 1891-1892 -- Famine of 1921-1922 -- Famine of 1932-1933 -- Famine of 1946 -- Far Eastern Region -- Fatherland-All Russia -- Feast Books -- February Revolution -- Federal Assembly -- Federalism -- Federal Property Fund -- Federation Treaties -- Feldman, Grigory Alexandrovich -- Feldsher -- Fellow Travelers -- Feminism -- Ferghana Valley -- Feudalism -- Filaret Drozdov, Metropolitan -- Filaret Romanov, Patriarch -- Finland -- Finns and Karelians -- Firebird -- Five-Hundred-Day Plan -- Five-Year Plans -- Florence, Council of -- Folklore -- Folk Music -- Fondoderzhateli -- Fonvizin, Denis Ivanovich -- Food -- Foreign Debt -- Foreign Trade -- France, Relations with -- Free Economic Society -- Freemasonry -- French Influence in Russia -- French War of 1812 -- Frontier Fortifications -- Frunze, Mikhail Vasilievich -- Full Economic Accounting -- Fundamental Laws of 1906 -- Funded Commodities -- Futurism -- Fyodor Alexeyevich -- Fyodor II -- Fyodor Ivanovich -- Fyodorov, Boris Grigorievich -- Fyodorov, Ivan -- Gagarin, Yuri Alexeyevich -- Gagauz -- Gaidar, Yegor Timurovich -- Gamsakhurdia, Zviad -- Gapon, Georgy Apollonovich -- Gaspirali, Ismail Bey -- Gatchina -- General Secretary -- Geneticists -- Geneva Summit of 1985 -- Genoa Conference -- Genocide -- Geography -- Georgia and Georgians -- Georgian Orthodox Church -- German Democratic Republic -- German Settlers -- Germany, Relations with -- Gigantomania -- Ginzburg, Evgenia Semenovna -- GKOs -- Glasnost -- Glavki -- Glavlit -- Glinka, Mikhail Ivanovich -- Glinskaya, Yelena Vasilyevna -- Gnezdovo -- Godunov, Boris Fyodorovich -- Gogol, Nikolai Vasilievich -- Golden Age of Russian Literature -- Golden Horde -- Gold Standard -- Golitsyn, Vasily Vasilievich -- Goncharova, Natalia Sergeyevna -- Goncharov, Ivan Alexandrovich -- Goods Famine -- Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeyevich -- Gorbachev, Raisa Maximovna -- Gorchakov, Alexander Mikhailovich -- Gordon, Patrick Leopold -- Goremykin, Ivan Longinovich -- Gorky, Maxim -- Gosbank -- Gosizdat -- Goskomstat -- Gosplan -- Gosti -- Gostinaya Sotnya -- Gosudaryev Dvor -- Governing Senate -- Grain Crisis of 1928 -- Grain Trade -- Grand Alliance -- Grand Prince -- Great Britain, Relations with -- Great Northern War -- Great Reforms -- Greece, Relations with -- Greeks -- Green Movement -- Griboedov, Alexander Sergeyevich -- Grigorenko, Peter Grigorievich -- Grishin, Viktor Vasilievich -- Grivna -- Gromov, Boris Vsevolodovich -- Gromyko, Andrei Andreyevich -- Grossman, Vasily Semenovich -- Guards, Regiments of -- Guba Administrative System -- Guberniya -- Guilds -- Gulag -- GUM -- Gumilev, Lev Nikolayevich -- Gumilev, Nikolai Stepanovich -- Gypsy -- Gypsymania -- Hagiography -- Hague Peace Conferences -- Hanseatic League -- Hard Budget Constraints -- Hayek, Friedrich -- Health Care Services, Imperial -- Health Care Services, Soviet -- Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich -- Helsinki Accords -- Herzen, Alexander Ivanovich -- Higher Party School -- Hilarion, Metropolitan -- His Majesty's Own Chancery -- Historical Songs -- Historiography -- Holy Alliance -- Holy Synod -- Homeless Children -- Hrushevsky, Mikhail Sergeyevich -- Human Rights -- Hungarian Revolution -- Hungary, Relations with -- Huns -- Icons -- Idealism -- Igor -- Ilminsky, Nikolai Ivanovich -- Immigration and Emigration -- Imperial Russian Geographical Society -- Imperial Russian Technological Society -- Index Number Relativity -- Indicative Planning -- Industrialization -- Industrialization, Rapid -- Industrialization, Soviet -- Inorodtsy -- Input-Output Analysis -- Institute of Red Professors -- Instruction, Legislative Commission of Catherine II -- Intelligentsia -- Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty -- International Space Station -- Inter-Regional Deputies' Group -- Iran, Relations with -- Iraq, Relations with -- Iron Curtain -- Islam -- Israel, Relations with -- Italy, Relations with -- Ivan I -- Ivan II -- Ivan III -- Ivan IV -- Ivan V -- Ivan VI -- Ivashko, Vladimir Antonovich -- Izba -- Izvestiya -- Izyaslav I -- Izyaslav Mstislavich -- Jackson-Vanik Agreement -- Jadidism -- Japan, Relations with -- Jassy, Treaty of -- Jews -- Joakim, Patriarch -- Job, Patriarch -- Joseph of Volotsk, St
-- Journalism -- Judaizers -- July Days of 1917 -- Kabardians -- Kaganovich, Lazar Moyseyevich -- KAL 007 -- Kaliningrad -- Kalinin, Mikhail Ivanovich -- Kalmyks -- Kamenev, Lev Borisovich -- Kandinsky, Vassily Vassilyvich -- Kantorovich, Leonid Vitaliyevich -- Kaplan, Fanya -- Karachai -- Karakalpaks -- Karakhan Declaration -- Karamzin, Nikolai Mikhailovich -- Kasyanov, Mikhail Mikhailovich -- Katkov, Mikhail Nikiforovich -- Katyn Forest Massacre -- Kaufman, Konstantin Petrovich -- Kazakhstan and Kazakhs -- Kazan -- Kellogg-Briand Pact -- Kerensky, Alexander Fyodorovich -- Khabarov, Yerofei Pavlovich -- Khakass -- Khalkin-Gol, Battle of -- Khanty -- Khasbulatov, Ruslan Imranovich -- Khazars -- Khiva -- Khmelnitsky, Bohdan -- Khomyakov, Alexei Stepanovich -- Khovanshchina -- Khozraschet -- Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich -- Khutor -- Kievan Caves Patericon -- Kievan Rus -- Kireyevsky, Ivan Vasilievich -- Kirill-Beloozero Monastery -- Kiriyenko, Sergei Vladilenovich -- Kirov, Sergei Mironovich -- Klyuchevsky, Vasily Osipovich -- Kokoshin, Andrei Afanasievich -- Kolchak, Alexander Vasilievich -- Kollontai, Alexandra Mikhailovna -- Komi -- Komuch -- Kondratiev, Nikolai Dmitrievich -- Konev, Ivan Stepanovich -- Konstantin Nikolayevich -- Kopeck -- Koreans -- Korean War -- Korea, Relations with -- Korenizatsya -- Kormchaya Kniga -- Kormlenie -- Kornai, Janos -- Kornilov Affair -- Korolenko, Vladimir Galaktionovich -- Korsh Theater -- Koryaks -- Korzhakov, Alexander Vasilievich -- Kosmodemyanskaya, Zoya -- Kosygin, Alexei Nikolayevich -- Kosygin Reforms -- Kotoshikhin, Grigory Karpovich -- Kovalev, Sergei Adamovich -- Kovalevskaya, Sofia Vasilievna -- Kozlov, Frol Romanovich -- Kozyrev, Andrei Vladimirovich -- Krasnov, Pyotr Nikolayevich -- Kravchuk, Leonid Makarovich -- Kremlin -- Kremlinology -- Kritzman, Lev Natanovich -- Kronstadt Uprising -- Kropotkin, Pyotr Alexeyevich -- Krupskaya, Nadezhda Konstantinovna -- Krylov, Ivan Andreyevich -- Kryuchkov, Vladimir Alexandrovich -- Kuchuk Kainarji, Treaty of -- Kulaks -- Kuleshov, Lev Vladimirovich -- Kulikovo Field, Battle of -- Kulturnost -- Kunayev, Dinmukhammed Akhmedovich -- Kurbsky, Andrei Mikhailovich -- Kurds -- Kuril Islands -- Kuritsyn, Fyodor Vasilevich -- Kuropatkin, Alexei Nikolayevich -- Kursk, Battle of -- Kursk Submarine Disaster -- Kustar -- Kutuzov, Mikhail Ilarionovich -- Kuybyshev, Valerian Vladimirovich -- Kuznetsov, Nikolai Gerasimovich -- Kyrgyzstan and Kyrgyz -- Labor -- Labor Books -- Labor Day -- Labor Theory of Value -- Lake Baikal -- Land and Freedom Party -- Land Captain -- Landsbergis, Vytautas -- Land Tenure, Imperial Era -- Land Tenure, Soviet and Post-Soviet -- Language Laws -- Latvia and Latvians -- Law Code of 1649 -- Lay of Igor's Campaign -- Lazarev Institute -- League of Armed Neutrality -- League of Nations -- League of the Militant Godless -- Lebed, Alexander Ivanovich -- Lefortovo -- Left Opposition -- Left Socialist Revolutionaries -- Legal Systems -- Legislative Commission of 1767-1768 -- Leichoudes, Ioannikios and Sophronios -- Leipzig, Battle of -- Lena Goldfields Massacre -- Lend Lease -- Leningrad Affair -- Leningrad, Siege of -- Lenin's Testament -- Lenin's Tomb -- Lenin, Vladimir Ilich -- Leontiev, Konstantin Nikolayevich -- Lermontov, Mikhail Yurievich -- Leskov, Nikolai Semenovich -- Lesnaya, Battle of -- Lezgins -- Liberal Democratic Party -- Liberalism -- Liberman, Yevsei Grigorevich -- Ligachev, Yegor Kuzmich -- Likhachev, Dmitry Sergeyevich -- Lithuania and Lithuanians -- Litvinov, Maxim Maximovich -- Living Church Movement -- Livonian War -- Lobachevsky, Nikolai Ivanovich -- Local Government and Administration -- Lomonosov, Mikhail Vasilievich -- Loris-Melikov, Mikhail Tarielovich -- Lotman, Yuri Mikhailovich -- Lovers of Wisdom, The -- Lubok -- Lubyanka -- Lukashenko, Alexander Grigorievich -- Lukyanov, Anatoly Ivanovich -- Lunacharsky, Anatoly Vasilievich -- Luzhkov, Yuri Mikhailovich -- Lysenko, Trofim Denisovich
volume 3. Machine Tractor Stations -- Mafia Capitalism -- Main Political Directorate -- Makarov, Stepan Osipovich -- Makary, Metropolitan -- Makhno, Nestor Ivanovich -- Malenkov, Georgy Maximilyanovich -- Malevich, Kazimir Severinovich -- Malta Summit -- Mandelshtam, Nadezhda Yakovlevna -- Mandelshtam, Osip Emilievich -- Manifesto of 1763 -- Mansi -- Mari El and the Mari -- Market Socialism -- Marriage and Family Life -- Martov, Yuli Osipovich -- Marxism -- Maslenitsa -- Material Balances -- Material Product System -- Matryoshka Dolls -- Matveyev, Artamon Sergeyevich -- Maxim the Greek, St. -- Mayakovsky, Vladimir Vladimirovich -- Mazepa, Hetman Ivan Stepanovich -- Medvedev, Roy Alexandrovich -- Medvedev, Sylvester Agafonikovich -- Medvedev, Zhores Alexandrovich -- Melnikov, Konstantin Stepanovich -- Memorial -- Mendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich -- Mensheviks -- Menshikov, Alexander Danilovich -- Mercantilism -- Merchants -- Meskhetian Turks -- Mestnichestvo -- Metropolitan -- Meyerhold, Vsevolod Yemilievich -- Mighty Handful -- Migration -- Mikhailovsky, Nikolai Konstantinovich -- Mikhalkov, Nikita Sergeyevich -- Mikoyan, Anastas Ivanovich -- Military Art -- Military Doctrine -- Military-Economic Planning -- Military, Imperial Era -- Military-Industrial Complex -- Military Intelligence -- Military Reforms -- Military, Soviet and Post-Soviet -- Milyukov, Paul Nikolayevich -- Milyutin, Dmitry Alexeyevich -- Milyutin, Nikolai Alexeyevich -- Mingrelians -- Minin, Kuzma -- Ministries, Economic -- Ministry of Foreign Trade -- Ministry of Internal Affairs -- Mir -- MIR Space Station -- Mniszech, Marina -- Moiseyev, Mikhail Alexeyevich -- Moldova and Moldovans -- Molotov, Vyacheslav Mikhailovich -- Monasticism -- Monetary Overhang -- Monetary System, Soviet -- Montenegro, Relations with -- Mordvins -- Morozova, Feodosya Prokopevna -- Morozov, Boris Ivanovich -- Morozov, Pavel Trofimovich -- Moscow -- Moscow Agricultural Society -- Moscow Art Theater -- Moscow Baroque -- Moscow, Battle of -- Moscow Olympics of 1980 -- Moskvitin, Ivan Yurievich -- Motion Pictures -- Movement for Democratic Reforms -- Movement in Support of the Army -- Mstislav -- Muraviev, Nikita -- Musavat -- Muscovy -- Museum, Hermitage -- Music -- Myasoedov Affair -- Nagorno-Karabakh -- Nagrodskaya, Evdokia Apollonovna -- Nakhichevan -- Nakhimov, Pavel Stepanovich -- Napoleon I -- Narimanov, Nariman -- Narva, Battles of -- Naryshkina, Natalia Kirillovna -- National Library of Russia -- Nationalism in the Arts -- Nationalism in the Soviet Union -- Nationalism in Tsarist Empire -- Nationalities Policies, Soviet -- Nationalities Policies, Tsarist -- Nation and Nationality -- Navarino, Battle of -- Nazarbayev, Nursultan Abishevich -- Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939 -- Near Abroad -- Nechayev, Sergei Geradievich -- Nekrasov, Nikolai Alexeyevich -- Nemchinov, Vasily Sergeyevich -- Nemtsov, Boris Ivanovich -- Nenets -- Neoclassicism -- Nerchinsk, Treaty of -- Neronov, Ivan -- Nesselrode, Karl Robert -- Net Material Product -- New Economic Policy -- New-Formation Regiments -- New Political Thinking -- Newspapers -- New Statute of Commerce -- Nicaragua, Relations with -- Nicholas I -- Nicholas II -- Nihilism and Nihilists -- Nijinsky, Vaslav Fomichv -- Nikitin, Afanasy -- Nikon, Patriarch -- Nil Sorsky, St
-- Nogai -- Nomenklatura -- Normanist Controversy -- North Atlantic Treaty Organization -- Northern Convoys -- Northern Fleet -- Northern Peoples -- Norway, Relations with -- Novgorod, Archbishop of -- Novgorod Judicial Charter -- Novgorod the Great -- Novikov, Nikolai Ivanovich -- Novocherkassk Uprising -- Novosibirsk Report -- Novosiltsev, Nikolai Nikolayevich -- Novozhilov, Viktor Valentinovich -- Novy Mir -- Nystadt, Treaty of -- Obrok -- Obruchev, Nikolai Nikolayevich -- Obshchina -- Occultism -- October 1993 Events -- October General Strike of 1905 -- October Manifesto -- October Revolution -- Octobrist Party -- Odoyevsky, Vladimir Fyodorovich -- Official Nationality -- Ogarkov, Nikolai Vasilevich -- Okolnichy -- Okudzhava, Bulat Shalovich -- Old Believer Committee -- Old Believers -- Old Style -- Oleg -- Olga -- Opera -- Operation Barbarossa -- Oprichnina -- Ordin-Nashchokin, Afanasy Lavrentievich -- Ordzhonikidze, Grigory Konstantinovich -- Organized Crime -- Orgburo -- Orlova, Lyubov Petrovna -- Orlov, Grigory Grigorievich -- Orthodoxy -- Osetins -- Osorina, Yulianya Ustinovna -- Ostromir Gospel -- Ostrovsky, Alexander Nikolayevich -- Otrepev, Grigory -- Our Home Is Russia Party -- Pacific Fleet -- Paganism -- Pakistan, Relations with -- Palekh Painting -- Pale of Settlement -- Paleologue, Sophia -- Pallas, Peter-Simon -- Pamyat -- Panslavism -- Paris, Congress and Treaty of 1856 -- Paris, First and Second Treaties of -- Party Congresses and Conferences -- Party of Russian Unity and Accord -- Passport System -- Pasternak, Boris Leonidovich -- Patriarchate -- Paul I -- Pavliuchenko, Lyudmila Mikhailovna -- Pavlova, Anna Matveyevna -- Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich -- Pavlov, Valentin Sergeyevich -- Peasant Economy -- Peasantry -- Peasant Uprisings -- Pechenegs -- Peking, Treaty of -- Pelevin, Viktor Olegovich -- People's Commissariat of Nationalities -- People's Control Committee -- People's Houses -- People's Party of Free Russia -- People's Will, The -- Perestroika -- Permanent Revolution -- Perovskaya, Sofia Lvovna -- Persian Gulf War -- Pestel, Pavel Ivanovich -- Peter I -- Peter II -- Peter III -- Peter and Paul Fortress -- Petrashevtsy -- Petrov, Grigory Spiridonovich -- Petrushka -- Petty Tutelage -- Photography -- Pimen, Patriarch -- Pirogov, Nikolai Ivanovich -- Pisarev, Dmitry Ivanovich -- Planners' Preferences -- Platon (Levshin) -- Platonov, Sergei Fyodorovich -- Plehve, Vyacheslav Konstantinovich -- Plekhanov, Georgy Valentinovich -- Plenum -- Pobedonostsev, Konstantin -- Podgorny, Nikolai Viktorovich -- Podyachy -- Podzol -- Pogodin, Mikhail Petrovich -- Pogroms -- Pokrovsky, Mikhail Nikolayevich -- Poland -- Polar Explorers -- Poles -- Polish Rebellion of 1863 -- Politburo -- Political Party System -- Polotsky, Simeon -- Polovtsy -- Poltava, Battle of -- Polyane -- Pomestie -- Ponomarev, Boris Kharitonovich -- Popov, Alexander Stepanovich -- Popov, Gavriil Kharitonovich -- Popov, Pavel Ilich -- Popular Front Policy -- Populism -- Port Arthur, Siege of -- Portsmouth, Treaty of -- Posadnik -- Possessors and Non-Possessors -- Postal System -- Potemkin, Grigory Alexandrovich -- Potemkin Mutiny -- Potsdam Conference -- Pozharsky, Dmitry Mikhailovich -- Pravda -- Preobrazhensky Guards -- Preobrazhensky, Yevgeny Alexeyevich -- Presidency -- Presidential Council -- Presidium of Supreme Soviet -- Primakov, Yevgeny Maximovich -- Primary Chronicle -- Primary Party Organization -- Prime Minister -- Primitive Socialist Accumulation -- Prisons -- Prison Songs -- Privatization -- Procuracy -- Prodnalog -- Prodrazverstka -- Production Sharing Agreement -- Prokofiev, Sergei Sergeyevich -- Prokopovich, Feofan -- Proletkult -- Propp, Vladimir Iakovlevich -- Prostitution -- Protazanov, Yakov Alexandrovic -- Protestantism -- Protopopov, Alexander Dmitrievich -- Provisional Government -- Prussia, Relations with -- Pruth River, Campaign and Treaty of -- Pskov Judicial Charter -- Public Opinion Studies -- Pugachev, Emelian Ivanovich -- Pugo, Boris Karlovich -- Purges, The Great -- Pushkin, Alexander Sergeyevich -- Pushkin House -- Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich -- Pytatakov, Georgy Leonidovich -- Quadruple Alliance and Quintuple Alliance -- Rabbinical Commission -- Rabkrin -- Rachmaninov, Sergei Vasilievich -- Radek, Karl Bernardovich -- Radishchev, Alexander Nikolayevich -- Radzinsky, Edvard Stanislavich -- Raikin, Arkady Isaakovich -- Railways -- Raionirovanie -- Rapallo, Treaty of -- Rasputin, Grigory Yefimovich -- Rastrelli, Bartolomeo -- Ratchet Effect -- Razin Rebellion -- Raznochintsy -- Redemption Payments -- Red Guards -- Red Square -- Red Terror -- Referendum of April 1993 -- Referendum of December 1993 -- Referendum of March 1991 -- Refuseniks -- Regionalism -- Reitern, Mikhail Khristoforovich -- Religion -- Repin, Ilya Yefimovich -- Repressed Inflation -- Revolution of 1905 -- Reykjavik Summit -- Right Opposition -- Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai Andreyevich -- Rodzianko, Mikhail Vladimirovich -- Roerich, Nicholas Konstantinovich -- Romania, Relations with -- Romanova, Anastasia -- Romanova, Anastasia Nikolayevna -- Romanov Dynasty -- Romanov, Grigory Vasilievich -- Romanov, Mikhail Fyodorovich -- Romanticism -- Rostislav -- Rostovtsev, Mikhail Ivanovich -- Rota System -- Route to Greeks -- Ruble -- Ruble Control -- Rublev, Andrei -- Ruble Zone -- Rumyantsev, Peter Alexandrovich -- Rurik -- Rurikid Dynasty -- Russia-Belarus Union -- Russia Company -- Russian Association of Proletarian Writers -- Russian Federal Securities Commission -- Russian Federation -- Russian Geographical Society -- Russian Justice -- Russian National Unity Party -- Russian Orthodox Church -- Russians -- Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic -- Russian State Library -- Russia's Democratic Choice -- Russification -- Russo-Japanese War -- Russo-Persian Wars -- Russo-Turkish Wars -- Rutskoi, Alexander Vladimirovich -- Rybkin, Ivan Petrovich -- Rykov, Alexei Ivanovich -- Ryleyev, Kondraty Fyodorovich -- Ryutin, Martemyan -- Ryzhkov, Nikolai Ivanovich
volume 4. Saints -- Sakha and Yakuts -- Sakharov, Andrei Dmitrievich -- Saltykov-Shchedrin, Mikhail Yevgrafovich -- Sami -- Samizdat -- Samoilova, Kondordiya Nikolayevna -- Samoupravlenie -- San Stefano, Treaty of -- Sarmatians -- Sarts -- Sberbank -- Science and Technology Policy -- Science Fiction -- Scientific Socialism -- Scissors Crisis -- Scythians -- Second Economy -- Second Secretary -- Secretariat -- Sectarianism -- Security Council -- Serapion Brothers -- Serbia, Relations with -- Serednyaki -- Serfdom -- Sergei, Patriarch -- Sergius, St. -- Service State -- Sevastopol -- Seven-Year Plan -- Seven Years' War -- Shahumian, Stepan Georgievich -- Shakhrai, Sergei Mikhailovich -- Shakhty Trial -- Shamil -- Shaposhnikov, Boris Mikhailovich -- Shatalin, Stanislav Sergeyevich -- Shcharansky, Anatoly Nikolayevich -- Shchepkin, Mikhail Semeonovich -- Shcherbatov, Mikhail Mikhailovich -- Shevardnadze, Eduard Amvrosievich -- Shevchenko, Taras Gregorevich -- Shlyapnikov, Alexander Gavrilovich -- Shock Therapy -- Shockworkers -- Sholokhov, Mikhail Alexandrovich -- Short Course -- Shostakovich, Dmitri Dmitrievich -- Show Trials -- Shuisky, Vasily Ivanovich -- Shumeiko, Vladimir Filippovich -- Siberia -- Sikorsky, Igor Ivanovich -- Silver Age -- Simeon -- Simonov, Konstantin Mikhailovich -- Simonov Monastery -- Sinodik -- Sinope, Battle of -- Sinyavsky-Daniel Trial -- Skaz -- Skobelev, Mikhail Dmitriyevich -- Skrypnyk, Mykola Oleksyovych -- Slavery -- Slavo-Greco-Latin Academy -- Slavophiles -- Slutsky, Boris Abromovich -- Slutsky, Yevgeny Yevgenievich -- Smolensk Archive -- Smolensk War -- Smolny Institute -- Smychka -- Sobchak, Anatoly Alexandrovich -- Social Democratic Workers Party -- Socialism -- Socialism in One Country -- Socialist Realism -- Socialist Revolutionaries -- Sokolovsky, Vasily Danilovich -- Solidarity Movement -- Soloviev, Vladimir Sergeyevich -- Solovki Monastery -- Solzhenitsyn, Alexander Isayevich -- Sophia -- Sorge, Richard -- Sorokoust -- Soskovets, Oleg Nikolayevich -- Soslovie -- Soul Tax -- Soviet -- Soviet-Finnish War -- Soviet-German Trade Agreement of 1939 -- Soviet Man -- Soviet-Polish War -- Sovkhoz -- Sovnarkhozy -- Sovnarkom -- Soyuz Faction -- Space Program -- Spanish Civil War -- Special Purpose Forces -- Speransky, Mikhail Mikhailovich -- Spiridonova, Maria Alexandrovna -- Spiritual Elders -- Sports Policy -- Sputnik -- Stakhanovite Movement -- Stalingrad, Battle of -- Stalin, Josef Vissarionovich -- Stanislavsky, Konstantin Sergeyevich -- Starovoitova, Galina Vasilievna -- Stasova, Yelena Dmitrievna -- Stasov, Vladimir Vasilievich -- State Capitalism -- State Committees -- State Council -- State Defense Committee -- State Enterprise, Law of the -- State Orders -- State Principle -- State Security, Organs of -- Statute of Grand Prince Vladimir -- Statute of Grand Prince Yaroslav -- Stavka -- Stefan Yavorsky, Metropolitan -- Stenka Razin -- Stepashin, Sergei Vadimovich -- Steppe -- Stiliagi -- Stock Exchanges -- Stolbovo, Treaty of -- Stolnik -- Stolypin, Peter Arkadievich -- St. Petersburg -- Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties -- Strategic Arms Reduction Talks -- Strategic Defense Initiative -- Stravinsky, Igor Fyodorovich -- Streltsy -- Stroibank -- Strumilin, Stanislav Gustavovich -- Struve, Peter Bernardovich -- Stukach -- Stürmer, Boris Vladimirovich -- Subbotnik -- Subway Systems -- Succession, Law on -- Succession of Leadership, Soviet -- Sudebnik of 1497 -- Sudebnik of 1550 -- Sudebnik of 1589 -- Sukonnaya Sotnya -- Sultan-Galiev, Mirza Khaidargalievich -- Sumarokov, Alexander Petrovich -- Supreme Soviet -- Suslov, Mikhail Andreyevich -- Suvorin, Alexei Sergeyevich -- Suvorov, Alexander Vasilievich -- Svans -- Svechin, Alexander Andreyevich -- Svyatopolk I -- Svyatopolk II -- Svyatoslav I -- Svyatoslav II -- Sweden, Relations with -- Syn Boyarsky -- Sytin, Ivan Dmitrievich -- Table of Ranks -- Taganka -- Tajikistan and Tajiks -- Tale of Avraamy Palitsyn -- Tannenberg, Battle of -- Tarkovsky, Andrei Arsenievich -- Tashkent -- TASS -- Tatarstan and Tatars -- Taxes -- Tax, Turnover -- Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilyich -- Techpromfinplan -- Teheran Conference -- Teleological Planning -- Television and Radio -- Temporary Regulations -- Terem -- Ter-Petrossian, Levon -- Territorial-Administrative Units -- Terrorism -- Thaw, The -- Theater -- Theophanes the Greek -- Thick Journals -- Thin Journals -- Third Rome -- Thirteen Years' War -- Three Emperors' League -- Three-Field System -- Tiflis -- Tikhon, Patriarch -- Tilsit, Treaty of -- Time of Troubles -- Tithe Church, Kiev -- Tkachev, Petr Nikitich -- Togan, Ahmed Zeki Validov -- Tolstaya, Tatiana Nikitichna -- Tolstoy, Alexei Konstantinovich -- Tolstoy, Leo Nikolayevich -- Tomsky, Mikhail Pavlovich -- Torky -- Totalitarianism -- Tourism -- Trade Routes -- Trade Statutes of 1653 and 1667 -- Trade Unions -- Transcaucasian Federations -- Trans-Dniester Republic -- Transition Economies -- Trans-Siberian Railway -- Triandafillov, Viktor Kiriakovich -- Trinity St. Sergius Monastery -- Trotsky, Leon Davidovich -- Trusts, Soviet -- Tsarskoye Selo -- Tsar, Tsarina -- Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin Eduardovich -- Tsushima, Battle of -- Tsvetaeva, Marina Ivanovna -- Tugan-Baranovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich -- Tukhachevsky, Mikhail Nikolayevich -- Tupolev, Andrei Nikolayevich -- Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich -- Turkestan -- Turkey, Relations with -- Turkmenistan and Turkmen -- Tur, Yevgenia -- Tuva and Tuvinians -- Twenty-Five Thousanders -- Tyutchev, Fyodor Ivanovich -- U-2 Spy Plane Incident -- Udmurts -- Uezd -- Ugra River, Battle of -- Ukaz -- Ukraine and Ukrainians -- Uniate Church -- Union of Right Forces -- Union of Sovereign States -- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -- Union of Soviet Writers -- Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of Labor -- Union Treaty -- United Nations -- United Opposition -- United States, Relations with -- Unity (Medved) Party -- Universities -- Unkiar Skelessi, Treaty of -- Ushakov, Simon Fyodorovich -- Ustinov, Dmitry Fedorovich -- Uvarov, Sergei Semenovich -- Uzbekistan and Uzbeks -- Value Subtraction -- Varennikov, Valentin Ivanovich -- Varga, Eugene Samuilovich -- Vasilevsky, Alexander Mikhailovich -- Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich -- Veche -- Vekhi -- Verbitskaya, Anastasia Alexeyevna -- Vienna, Congress of -- Vietnam, Relations with -- Vikings -- Vilnius -- Virgin Lands Program -- Virtual Economy -- Vladimir Monomakh -- Vladimir, St
-- Vlasov Movement -- Vodka -- Volkogonov, Dmitry Antonovich -- Volsky, Arkady Ivanovich -- Vorontsov, Mikhail Semenovich -- Vorontsov-Dashkov, Illarion Ivanovich -- Voroshilov, Kliment Efremovich -- Votchina -- Voyevoda -- Voznesensky, Nikolai Alexeyevich -- Vsevolod I -- Vsevolod III -- Vyborg Manifesto -- Vyshinsky, Andrei Yanuarievich -- Vyshnegradsky, Ivan Alexeyevich -- Vysotsky, Vladimir Semyonovich -- Wages, Soviet -- War Communism -- War Economy -- War of the Third Coalition -- Warsaw Treaty Organization -- Westernizers -- What Is to Be Done? -- White Army -- White Sea Canal -- Winius, Andries Dionyszoon -- Winter Palace -- Witchcraft -- Witte, Sergei Yulievich -- Women of Russia Bloc -- Workers -- Workers' Control -- Workers' Opposition -- World Revolution -- World War I -- World War II -- Wrangel, Peter Nikolayevich -- Yabloko -- Yagoda, Genrikh Grigorevich -- Yakovlev, Alexander Nikolayevich -- Yalta Conference -- Yanayev, Gennady Ivanovich -- Yarlyk -- Yaropolk I -- Yaroslav Vladimirovich -- Yaroslav Vsevolodovich -- Yaroslav Yaroslavich -- Yavlinsky, Grigory Alexeyevich -- Yazov, Dmitry Timofeyevich -- Yeltsin, Boris Nikolayevich -- Yermak Timofeyevich -- Yesenin, Sergei Alexandrovich -- Yevtushenko, Yevgeny Alexandrovich -- Yezhov, Nikolai Ivanovich -- Yudenich, Nikolai Nikolayevich -- Yugoslavia, Relations with -- Yuri Danilovich -- Yuri Vladimirovich -- Yuri Vsevolodovich -- Zadonshchina -- Zagotovka -- Zaslavskaya, Tatiana Ivanovna -- Zasulich, Vera Ivanovna -- Zealots of Piety -- Zemstvo -- Zero-Option -- Zhdanov, Andrei Alexandrovich -- Zhelyabov, Andrei Ivanovich -- Zhenotdel -- Zhensovety -- Zhirinovsky, Vladimir Volfovich -- Zhordania, Noe Nikolayevich -- Zhukov, Georgy Konstantinovich -- Zhukovsky, Nikolai Yegorovich -- Zinoviev, Grigory Yevseyevich -- Zinoviev Letter -- Zubatov, Sergei Vasilievich -- Zyuganov, Gennady Andreyevich
Outline of contents: Agriculture -- Architecture -- Economics -- Education -- Foreign relations -- Government -- Historical events and people -- Journalism -- Law and judiciary -- Literature -- Military -- Music -- Political organizations -- Political policy -- Regions, nations, and nationalities -- Religion -- Rulers, 1362-1917 -- Science and technology -- Soviet general secretaries and Russian presidents -- Tsars, grand princes, and political leaders -- Visual arts, drama, and dance
Summary Provides a comprehensive discussion of Russia's people, politics, economics, religion, and social systems; and is designed to complement the study of comparative politics, world history, geography, literature, arts and culture and world cultures. Entries span the period from the earliest beginnings of the Russian nation to the rise and fall of the Soviet Union
Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index
Subject HISTORY -- Europe -- Eastern.
HISTORY -- Europe -- Former Soviet Republics.
HISTORY -- Europe -- Russia & the Former Soviet Union.
SUBJECT Russia -- History -- Encyclopedias
Soviet Union -- History -- Encyclopedias
Subject Russia.
Ryssland -- historia -- uppslagsverk.
Soviet Union.
Sovjetunionen -- historia -- uppslagsverk.
Genre/Form Encyclopedias.
Encyclopedias.
History.
Form Electronic book
Author Millar, James R., 1936-2008.
LC no. 2003014389
ISBN 0028659074
9780028659077