1. Context of change in early childhood -- Child-care contexts -- Non-parental child-care -- Long-term effects of early childhood experience -- 2. Factors affecting young children -- Infants and non-parental care -- Family factors affecting children -- Mothers' characteristics -- Children's characteristics -- Ecological approaches to research -- 3. The AIFS early childhoo study -- The AIFS early childhood series -- Study objectives -- Study design -- Field work -- The preliminary sample (stage 1) -- The main study (stage 2) -- 4. Multiple child-care arrangements -- Case studies -- 5. Child-care contexts and outcomes -- Family background variables -- Influence of parent-child characteristics -- Early childhood care and development correlations -- What are the 'best' predictors of child social-emotional and cognitive outcomes? -- Does child-care context preduct child outcomes? -- 6. Discussion and conclusions