| Description |
1 online resource (xviii, 808 pages) : color illustrations |
| Series |
Handbook of clinical neurology ; v. 195 |
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Handbook of clinical neurology ; v.195.
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| Contents |
Intro -- Motor System Disorders, Part I: Normal Physiology and Function and Neuromuscular Disorders -- Copyright -- Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contributors -- Contents -- Section 1: Normal physiology and function -- Chapter 1: Skeletal muscle structure, physiology, and function -- Introduction -- Skeletal Muscle Structure -- Contractile Mechanisms -- Muscle Fiber Types -- Calcium Activation of Contraction -- Skeletal Muscle Function -- Neuromuscular Junction Structure and Development -- Neurotransmission -- Motor Unit Properties -- Motor Unit Recruitment -- References -- Chapter 2: Upper and lower motor neuron neurophysiology and motor control -- Introduction -- Functional Motor Systems in Brain and Spinal Cord -- Evolution of the Motor System -- Motor Cortex -- Organization and function -- Local circuitries of the primary motor cortex are layer and cell-type specific -- Sensory feedback -- Force and speed control -- Motor learning -- Motor program -- Mirror neuron system -- Spinal Cord -- Spinal descending motor pathways-Corticospinal tract -- Motor unit activity -- Spinal sensory input -- Local functions of the spinal cord -- Motor learning -- The Cerebellum -- The Lower Motor Neuron System -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Vestibular motor control -- Overview -- Vestibular Motor Control: Neuronal Coding in Alert Animals -- Nonlinear & -- Spike Timing Codes: Implications for Motor Control and the Restoration of Function -- The Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex -- Adaptation and compensation of the VOR -- Vestibulospinal Reflex Pathways -- Adaptation and compensation of postural reflexes -- The Vestibular Cerebellum: Internal Models of Externally-Applied and Active Self-Motion -- Flocculus and ventral paraflocculus -- Anterior vermis (lobules I-V) -- Nodulus/uvula of the posterior cerebellar vermis |
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Compensation and Extra-Vestibular Sensory Substitution in Central Pathways: Implications for Motor Control -- The unmasking of extra-vestibular information in early vestibular pathways -- Cerebellar-dependent mechanisms for vestibular motor compensation -- Voluntary Behavior: Steering, Reaching and Navigation -- Reaching -- Steering and navigation -- References -- Chapter 4: Autonomic failure: Clinicopathologic, physiologic, and genetic aspects -- Overview -- Historical background -- Components of the autonomic nervous system -- Sympathetic noradrenergic system -- Sympathetic cholinergic system -- Parasympathetic cholinergic system -- Sympathetic adrenergic system -- Parasympathetic and sympathetic outflow -- Sympathetic organization and output -- Parasympathetic organization and output -- Autonomic Control of Bladder, Bowel and Sexual Function -- Neuropathologic Characterization -- Sympathetic ganglia -- Parasympathetic ganglia -- The aging autonomic nervous system -- Baroreflexes, autonomic, and baroreceptor failure -- Neurodegenerative Autonomic Failure -- Involvement of central and peripheral autonomic components -- Consensus statement and definitions -- Orthostatic hypotension -- Pure autonomic failure -- Parkinson's disease with autonomic failure -- Multiple system atrophy -- Clinical and laboratory autonomic assessment -- Autonomic symptom assessment and disability -- Quantitative sudomotor axonal reflex test -- Thermoregulatory sweat test -- Head-up tilt table testing -- Heart rate response to deep breathing -- Valsalva maneuver -- Cardiac radioisotopic denervation imaging -- Supine and standing catecholamine levels -- Skin biopsy -- Electrodiagnostic studies -- Autonomic reflex screen and the composite autonomic score -- Multiple system atrophy -- Overview -- Pathophysiology -- Classification -- Autonomic failure |
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Additional laboratory assessment -- Pure autonomic failure -- Historical turning points -- Diagnosis -- Selection for prospective cohort studies -- Laboratory studies -- Natural history and prognosis -- Parkinson's disease -- Overview -- Autonomic failure in PD -- Autonomic and neuropathological correlations -- Treatment and management of autonomic failure -- Orthostatic hypotension -- Gastrointestinal dysfunction -- Bladder, sexual and bowel dysfunction -- Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies -- Overview -- Familial dysautonomia -- Genetics -- Postmortem studies -- Sensory nervous system -- Autonomic nervous system -- Neurophysiology of autonomic failure -- Baroreflex failure autonomic storms -- Chemoreflex failure -- Prognosis -- Treatment of orthostatic hypotension -- Nonpharmacologic therapy -- Pharmacologic therapy -- Treatment of vomiting attacks and hypertensive crises -- Transient surges with everyday activities -- Vomiting attacks with autonomic crises -- Disease modifying therapy -- Small molecules -- Antisense oligonucleotides -- Autoimmune Autonomic Failure -- Background -- Illustrative case with antemortem and postmortem pathology -- Neurophysiology -- Serology -- Diagnosis and outcome -- Outcome and management -- Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 5: Gait control by the frontal lobe -- Introduction11Abbreviations used in the chapter are listed at the end of the chapter before References section. -- Frontal Lobe Control of Gait -- Fundamental framework of posture-gait control -- Cortical sensory-motor information processing -- Core Posture Gait Mechanisms in the Brainstem and Spinal Cord -- Locomotor regions -- Descending brainstem-spinal cord pathways -- Spinal locomotor network including the CPG -- Functional Neuroanatomy of the Cortical Control of Behavior Expression -- The prefrontal cortex |
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Role of the prefrontal cortex in behavioral expression -- Slow walking and FOG by disturbances in the prefrontal cortex -- The premotor cortex -- Functional organization of the premotor cortex -- Role of the premotor-corticoreticular system in the posture-gait control -- Functional organization of corticofugal projections to the brainstem and spinal cord -- Possible Cortical Mechanisms of Human Posture-Gait Control -- Upright standing posture -- Gazing and orienting posture for attending to the target -- Anticipatory postural adjustment (APA) -- Initiating the first step -- Posture-Gait Control by the Cerebellum, BG, and Emotional Systems -- Cerebellar contribution to error detection -- Contribution of the BG and DA system in the posture-gait control and its automatization -- Involvement of emotional valence in freezing -- References -- Chapter 6: Parietal control of hand movement -- Introduction -- Parallel Visuomotor Processing -- Sensorimotor Apraxia -- Tactile apraxia -- Optic ataxia -- Localization -- Limb Apraxia -- Imitation deficits -- Localization -- Object use deficits -- Affordances -- Localization -- Executive Apraxia -- Localization -- Treatments -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Immunology and microbiome: Implications for motor systems -- Introduction -- Immunology and Motor Systems -- Overview of the immune system -- The immune system in development & -- physiology -- The immune system in motor pathology -- The immune system in Parkinson disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes -- The immune system in other basal ganglia-related movement disorders -- The immune system in cerebellar ataxias -- The immune system in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -- The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Motor Systems -- The microbiota-gut-brain axis: Role in physiology and pathology of motor systems |
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The microbiota-gut-brain axis in Parkinson disease -- The microbiota-gut-brain axis in Huntington disease -- The microbiota-gut-brain axis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -- The microbiota-gut-brain axis in nondegenerative ̀̀networḱ́ movement disorders -- Conclusions -- Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 8: COVID-19 (novel SARS-CoV-2) neurological illness -- Background -- Epidemiology -- Zoonotic origin -- Animal models -- Disease definitions -- Susceptibility to Infection -- Acute COVID-19 Infection -- COVID-19 Diagnostic Testing -- Detecting viral RNA by RT-PCR -- Detecting antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 -- Rapid point of care strategies -- SARS-CoV-2 antigens: Comparison of rapid and standard tests -- Neurological Presentation -- Adults -- Children -- Cytokine Storm -- Clinicopathological Correlation -- Covid Variants -- Immunotherapy -- Hydroxychloroquine -- Remdesivir -- Monoclonal antibodies -- Bamlanivimab and etesevimab -- Casirivimab and imdevimab -- Sotrovimab -- Tixagevimab and cilgavimab -- Nirmatrelvir -- Corticosteroids -- Convalescent Plasma -- Intravenous immune globulin therapy -- Interleukin-6 inhibition -- Vaccination -- Chronic Covid Illness -- Long-Hauler and Long COVID -- Postacute sequela of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) -- Neurodegeneration -- Alzheimer disease -- Parkinson disease -- Multiple sclerosis -- Neuropsychiatric illness -- Conclusion -- References -- Section 2: Clinical and laboratory diagnosis -- Chapter 9: Neurogenetic motor disorders -- Introduction -- Mitochondrial Genetics -- Clinical Clues of a Neurogenetic Motor Disorder -- Peripheral nervous system -- Central nervous system -- Hereditary cerebellar ataxias -- Genetic Neurological Disorders -- Muscular dystrophy -- Congenital myasthenic syndrome -- Presynaptic defects -- Synaptic space defects -- Postsynaptic defects -- Endplate development and maintenance defects |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Notes |
Description based on online resource; title from digital title page (ProQuest Ebook Central, viewed April 16, 2024) |
| Subject |
Movement disorders.
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Movement Disorders
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Motor Skills -- physiology
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Movement disorders
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Younger, David S., editor.
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| ISBN |
9780323958547 |
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0323958540 |
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