History of the problem -- Hybrid cells receiving methods and mechanism of cells fusion -- Geno- and phenotypic characteristics of hybrid cells -- Utilization of somatic hybridization in biology and medicine -- Etiology and pathogenesis of cancer -- Factors, induced the malignant process -- The theory of "two synkaryons" -- Experimental and clinical confirmations of the "two synkaryons" theory -- Explanation of differented complicated aspects of the experimental and clinical oncology from the standpoint of the "two synkaryons" theory -- Etiology and pathogenesis of AIDS -- Possible common etiology and pathogenesis of cancer and AIDS -- A possible reason for interrelation of some malignant tumors and AIDS -- A paradoxical idea of cancer's resolution