Title Economics of health professional education and careers : insights from a literature review / Barbara McPake, Allison Squires, Agya Mahat, and Edson C. Araujo

Published Washington, DC : World Bank Group, [2015]

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Description 1 online resource Series A World Bank study World Bank study Contents Front Cover ; Contents; Acknowledgments; Executive Summary; Abbreviation; Chapter 1 Introduction; Chapter 2 Historical Trends and Globalization; Chapter 3 Specialty Choice among Health Professionals and Its Health Labor Market Determinants; Trends in Specialty Preference; Student Characteristics; Specialty Characteristics; School Characteristics; Notes; Chapter 4 The Value of Health Professional Education; Alternative Cadres; Estimated Rates of Return to Health Professional Education; Chapter 5 The Market for Health Professional Education Linked Markets: Health Professional Education and Health CarePrivatization of Health Professional Education in LMICs; Notes; Chapter 6 Discussion; Research Implications; Policy Implications; Appendix A Literature Search Strategy; Appendix B Coverage of the Literature in Relation to Private and Social Perspectives on the Rate of Return; Appendix C Estimates of Private Rates of Return and Net Present Value; References; Boxes; 1.1 Market Failures in Health Worker Labor Markets; 3.1 Effect of General Practitioners' Reimbursement on Supply in the United Kingdom 5.1 How Demographics and Positioning of the Nursing Profession Can Interrelate, Israel5.2 Market Failure in Nepal; Figures; 1.1 The Interaction between Education Systems, Labor Markets, and Health Systems; 3.1 The Bland-Meurer Model of Primary Care Career Choice for Physicians; B3.1.1a Proportion of Graduating Cohorts in U.K. Medical Schools Choosing General Practice; B3.1.1b General Practitioners' Annual Income; 4.1 The Hours-adjusted Internal Rate of Return on Additional Training for Five Surgical Specialties and Primary Care Medicine 5.1 Interrelationships between Health Professional Job Market and Health Professional Education Market5.2 Founding Dates of Medical Schools in Sub-Saharan Africa by Sector; Tables; A.1 Search Terms; A.2 MESH Terms; Back Cover Summary The formation of health professionals is critical for the health system to function and to achieve its universal health coverage (UHC) goals, and this is well recognized by the majority of governments that plan to ensure enough training places and aim to regulate in order to ensure quality. But the importance of market forces is often overlooked, resulting in interventions and regulations that often fail to achieve their intended effects. This publication aims to inform the design of health professionals' education policies to better manage health labor market forces toward UHC. It documents what is known about the influence of market forces on the health-professional formation process. The report sought to answer the following questions: - What have been the large global and regional trends in the development of health professions? - How have these trends affected the career decisions of current and potential health professionals? - What is the evidence base on the value and effectiveness of health professional education of different types? - How has the market for health professional education evolved, and with what interrelationships with the health labor and health care markets? The contexts of the market for health professional training have been subject to important changes in recent decades, in particular: the growing extent of employment of mid-level cadres of health professionals; changes in technology and the associated growth of high skilled occupations; the increasing interconnectedness of national health systems through globalization, with its implications for international health professional mobility; and the greater complexity of the public-private mix in employment options. There is a need to ensure that market forces align with the intentions of planning and regulation and the needs of UHC goals. This publication provides recommendations to support the design of policies that help to achieve these Notes "A World Bank study." Bibliography Includes bibliographical references Notes Print version record and CIP data provided by publisher Subject Medical personnel -- Economic conditions -- 21st century Medical education -- Economic aspects Medical policy. Education, Medical -- economics Health Personnel -- economics Vocational Guidance -- economics Health Policy HEALTH & FITNESS -- Healthy Living. HEALTH & FITNESS -- Holism. HEALTH & FITNESS -- Reference. MEDICAL -- Preventive Medicine. Medical education -- Economic aspects Medical policy Form Electronic book Author Squires, Allison, author Mahat, Agya, author Araujo, Edson, author LC no. 2016299612 ISBN 9781464806179 1464806179

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