| Description |
1 online resource |
| Contents |
Front Cover -- Toxicoepigenetics: Core Principles and Applications -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Editors' Biography -- Introduction to the Role of the Epigenome in Health and Disease -- Section 1: Histone Modifications and Chromatin Structure -- Chapter 1-1: Role of Histone Acetylation and Acetyltransferases in Gene Regulation -- Introduction -- History and Overview -- Nucleosome Assembly -- Chromatin Folding -- Gene Expression -- DNA Damage Repair -- Toxicoepigenetic Relevance -- Histone Acetyltransferases -- Families and Structures -- Regulation of HATs -- Transcriptional Activation -- HAT Complexes -- SAGA Transcription Regulatory Complex -- NuA4 Transcription Regulatory Complex -- Elongator Complex -- Chromatin Remodeling Complexes -- Global Histone Acetylation -- Role of Histone Acetyltransferases in Gene Activation -- Recruitment of Transcriptional Machinery -- Active Genes -- Inducible/Repressed Genes -- Environmental Exposure -- Histone Deacetylases -- Families -- Catalytic Mechanisms and Structures -- Regulation of HDAC Activity -- Role of HDACs at Active Genes -- Deacetylation and Gene Repression -- HDAC Complexes -- Conclusion and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 1-2: The Role of Histone Methylation and Methyltransferases in Gene Regulation -- Introduction -- Site Specificity of Histone Methylation -- Lysine Methylation -- H2BK5 Methylation -- H3K4 Methylation -- H3K9 Methylation -- H3K27 Methylation -- H3K36 Methylation -- H3K79 Methylation -- H4K20 Methylation -- H4K5 Methylation -- Arginine Methylation -- Glutamine Methylation -- Regulation of Histone Methylation -- Posttranscriptional Modifications -- Noncoding RNAs -- Regulation of Xenobiotic Biotransformation-Related Genes by Histone Methylation -- Histone Methylation and Human Diseases -- Histone Methylation and Cancer |
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Histone Methylation and Neurological Disorders -- Histone Methylation and Other Diseases -- Histone Methylation and the Toxicity of Chemicals -- Heavy Metals -- Endocrine Disruptors (EDCs) -- Human Genotoxic Chemical Carcinogens From Occupational and Environmental Exposure -- Other Xenobiotics -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 1-3: Chromatin Accessibility as a Strategy to Detect Changes Associated With Development, Disease, and Exposure a ... -- Chromatin Accessibility as a Marker of Cell Lineage -- Methods for Determining Chromatin Architecture and Accessibility -- DNase I Hypersensitivity Assays -- Micrococcal Nuclease Assays -- Formaldehyde Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements (FAIRE) -- Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin (ATAC) -- Nucleosome Occupancy and Methylome Sequencing (NOMe-seq) -- Single Cell Assays for Determining Chromatin Accessibility in Heterogenous Cell Populations -- Chromatin Accessibility and Disease -- Understanding How Environmental Factors Influence Chromatin Accessibility -- Chromatin Accessibility and Cancer -- Chromatin Signature as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target in Cancer -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 1-4: Implications for Chromatin Biology in Toxicology -- Changes in Chromatin Modification States Are Important in Aging and the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease -- Mechanisms by Which Toxicant Exposures Alter the Chromatin Landscape -- Repressive Histone Marks and Polycomb Group Proteins -- Xenoestrogens -- Arsenic -- COMPASS Complex -- Xenoestrogens -- Arsenic -- The Histone Methyltransferase G9a -- Phthalates -- Arsenic -- Histone Acetylation -- Organotins -- Phthalates -- Dioxin -- Lead -- Chromium -- Arsenic -- Applications of Chromatin Biology to Toxicological Studies -- Summary -- References -- Section 2: DNA Methylation |
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Chapter 2-1: The Role of DNA Methylation in Gene Regulation -- Chapter Overview -- Introduction -- Mechanisms of DNA Methylation -- De Novo DNA Methylation -- Maintenance DNA Methylation -- DNA Methylation Patterns and the Developing Organism -- X-Chromosome Inactivation -- Imprinted Genes and Development -- Transposable Elements -- DNA Methylation as a Regulator of Gene Expression -- DNA Methylation in Gene Promoters Affects Transcription Factor Binding and Vice Versa -- DNA Methylation Recruits Methyl-CpG Binding Proteins and Remodels Chromatin -- DNA Methylation in the Gene Body Impacts Transcription -- DNA Demethylation -- TET-Mediated Oxidation and Demethylation -- Applications of DNA Methylation in Understanding and Treating Disease -- Environmental Links to DNA Methylation -- DNA Methylation as a Biomarker for Identifying and Understanding Disease -- DNA Methylation in Disease Therapy -- References -- Chapter 2-2: Implications of DNA Methylation in Toxicology -- Introduction -- Detection of DNA Methylation -- Bisulfite Methods of DNA Methylation Detection -- Direct Methods of Locus-Specific or Global DNA Methylation Detection -- Direct Methods of Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Detection -- Principles of DNA Methylation Modification -- Conservation of DNA Methylation Dynamics -- Diet-Induced Changes to DNA Methylation -- Evolutionary Conservation in Diet and DNA Methylation -- Background Diet Considerations in Rodents -- Caloric Restriction and DNA Methylation -- Macronutrient Restriction -- Macronutrient Shifts -- Micronutrient or Trace Mineral Deficiencies -- Pharmaceuticals -- Metals -- Metals as Toxicants -- High Density Metals -- Light Metals -- Organic Toxicants -- Nonchemical Stress -- Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 2-3: DNA Methylation as a Biomarker in Environmental Epidemiology |
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Methylomics as a Potential Biomarker for Both Disease and Toxic Exposures -- Methylomics of WBCs in Relation to Disease Causation and Toxic Exposures -- Methodological Considerations in Methylome-Wide Association Studies -- Platforms That Assess Single-Base Resolution Methylation -- Array-Based: MethylationEPIC BeadChip (Infinium) Microarray -- Next-Generation Sequencing -- Preprocessing and Normalization -- MethylationEPIC BeadChip (Infinium) Microarray -- Bisulfite Sequencing -- Addressing Confounding -- Inclusion of Technical Replicates -- Calculation for Differentially Methylated Sites -- Calculation for Differentially Methylated Regions -- Methylomics as a Potential Biomarker for Both Disease and Toxic Exposures -- Example: Smoking and AHRR Methylation -- Example: Air Pollution and DNA Methylation -- Example: Biological Aging as Measured by the Epigenetic Clock -- Example: VTRNA2-1 as a Metastable Epiallele -- Example: Epigenetic Pathway Linking Prenatal Maternal Stress and Wheeze in Children -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2-4: DNA Hydroxymethylation: Implications for Toxicology and Epigenetic Epidemiology -- Introduction -- Chemistry of DNA Hydroxymethylation -- The Sixth-Base of Cytosine -- Distribution of 5-hmC in the Genome -- Changes in 5-hmC Level During Development -- Measurement of 5-hmC -- Global 5-hmC Measurement -- Locus-Specific 5-hmC Measurement -- DNA Immunoprecipitation (DIP) -- Enzymatic and Chemical Modifications -- Single Molecule Detection -- Exposures to Environmental Toxicants/Stressors and Changes in 5-hmC -- Heavy Metals -- Environmental Estrogens -- Air Pollutants -- Pesticides -- Ionizing Radiation -- Lifestyle -- Aging -- Discussion and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Section 3: Noncoding RNAs -- Chapter 3-1: The Role of Noncoding RNAs in Gene Regulation -- Introduction |
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Overview of Noncoding RNAs -- Transfer and Ribosomal RNA -- Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) -- Competitive Endogenous RNA -- Long Intervening Noncoding RNA -- Enhancer RNA -- Short Noncoding RNA -- Piwi-Interacting RNA -- Small Nuclear RNA -- Short Nucleolar RNA -- MicroRNA -- Short Interfering RNA -- MicroRNA Discovery -- MicroRNA Biogenesis and Regulation -- Pri-miRNA Transcription and Regulation -- Pri-miRNA Processing and Nuclear Export -- Maturation of miRNA RISC Formation -- Regulation of Mature miRNA by ceRNA -- Biological Roles of MicroRNA -- Gene Target Silencing -- Target Degradation Pathway -- Translational Repression -- miRNA-Mediated Gene Target Upregulation -- Enhanced Biological Impact of miRNAs Through Feedback Loops -- Positive Feedback Loop -- Negative Feedback Loop -- Switching Loops -- Biofluid-Based Biomarkers and Cell Communication -- Concluding Remarks and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3-2: miRNAs and lncRNAs as Biomarkers of Toxicant Exposure -- Introduction -- miRNAs and Toxicological Response to Chemicals -- Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals and Altered miRNA Profile -- Bisphenol A -- Phthalates -- Exposure to Metals -- Exposure to Particles -- Nanoparticles -- Cigarette Smoking -- lncRNAs and Toxicological Response to Chemicals -- Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals and Altered lncRNA Profile -- Bisphenol A -- Exposure to Metals and lncRNA Expression -- Cigarette Smoking and lncRNA Profile -- Summary -- References -- Further Reading -- Section 4: Special Considerations in Toxicoepigenetics Research -- Chapter 4-1: Germline and Transgenerational Impacts of Toxicant Exposures -- Introduction -- The Germline -- Germline Specification and the Importance of the Epigenetic Repression of Somatic Fates -- PGC's Epigenetic Reprogramming: A Critical Period |
| Summary |
Toxicoepigenetics: Core Principles and Applications examines epigenetics, including chromatin biology, DNA methylation and non-coding RNA, along with fundamental techniques and considerations for studying each of these mechanisms of epigenetic regulation. Epigenetics have taken center stage in the study of diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegeneration. However, the integration of epigenetics in the field of toxicology is still in its infancy. This book presents unified, practical and easy to follow protocols to help improve their effectiveness and efficiency. It is an essential book for advanced students and researchers using epigenetics in toxicology research and study |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Notes |
Online resource; title from PDF title page (EBSCO, viewed November 13, 2018) |
| Subject |
Epigenetics.
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Toxicology.
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Epigenesis, Genetic
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Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity
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Toxicogenetics -- methods
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Epigenomics -- methods
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Toxicology
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toxicology.
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SCIENCE -- Life Sciences -- Biochemistry.
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Epigenetics
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Toxicology
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
McCullough, Shaun D., editor
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Dolinoy, Dana C., editor
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| ISBN |
9780128124345 |
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0128124342 |
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